Behavioural and Physiological Reactions to Environmental Variation in Bird Migration: a Review
Behavioural and Physiological Reactions to Environmental Variation in Bird Migration: a Review
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-05957-9_10
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Jenni;M. Schaub
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Jenni;M. Schaub
雀形目鸟类迁徙的许多特征是内源性的，有很强的遗传基础。至少在没有经验的移徙者中，移徙的一般季节性过程是由内源性因素控制的，例如移徙的开始、时间模式、方向和能量储存的季节性模式。这导致的结论是，一个内源性的时空迁移程序引导没有经验的移民从他们的出生地到他们的第一个冬季宿舍（总结在Berthold 1996），但是，一个内源性的时空程序可能是不够的，导致鸟类到他们的第一个冬季宿舍（Gwinner 1996; Thorup和Rab 01 2001）。光周期作为年周期节律的最重要的同步器，加速或抑制个体迁移过程（Berthold 1996; Gwinner 1996）。关于影响鸟类迁徙的环境因素有大量的观察结果。然而，正如Berthold（1996年）所得出的结论，这些观察结果中有许多仍然无法确定环境因素是否以及如何影响移徙和改变内生的移徙程序。此外，许多生理限制和适应已被证明会影响迁移（Jenni和Ei-Eiermann 1998; S. Eiermann和L. J enni，this VoL）.
Many features of the migration of passerine birds are endogenously programmed and have a strong genetic basis. At least in inexperienced migrants, the general seasonal course of migration is endogenously controlled, such as the onset, the temporal pattern, the direction of migration and the seasonal pattern of energy stores. This leads to the conclusion that an endogenous spatiotemporal migration programme guides inexperienced migrants from their place of birth to their first winter quarters (summarized in Berthold 1996).However, an endogenous spatiotemporal programme is probably not sufficient to lead birds to their first winter quarters (Gwinner 1996; Thorup and Rab01 2001). Photoperiod acts as the most important synchronizer of circannual rhythms and accelerates or inhibits individual migration processes (Berthold 1996; Gwinner 1996). There is a large body of observations on environmental factors influencing bird migration. However, as concluded by Berthold (1996), many of these observations remain inconclusive with respect to whether and how exactly environmental factors influence migration and modify the endogenously programmed course of migration. Furthermore, many physiological constraints and adaptations have been shown to influence migration (Jenni and Jenni-Eiermann 1998; S. Jenni-Eiermann and L. J enni, this VoL).