The Mammary Gland: A Unique Organ for the Study of Development and Tumorigenesis
The Mammary Gland: A Unique Organ for the Study of Development and Tumorigenesis
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02096299
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Medina, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Medina, Daniel
乳腺的显微解剖和发育是独特的，反映了其合成和向新生后代输送乳汁的功能。乳腺的独特性在于几个因素。首先，乳腺薄壁组织的绝大部分生长都是在青春期后进行的，因此可以在青少年或成人身上进行发育实验，并提供了对其他器官无法获得的腺体进行实验操作的机会。基于这一特点，脂肪垫移植方法得到了发展，导致了衰老、永生和瘤前病变等重要概念的阐述。其次，腺体和导管组织的可及性允许特定分子传递和定位到乳腺实质细胞，这些细胞是肿瘤发展的起源部位。第三，器官是病毒、化学和物理致癌物质的目标，允许发展独特而复杂的肿瘤发展模型。最后，激素和生长因子调控乳腺功能的复杂性使得研究激素作用的方法更加复杂。这篇综述的目的是阐明腺体的一些独特特性，这些特性为研究发育、肿瘤和功能问题的专门方法提供了基础。
The microanatomy and development of the mammary gland are unique and a reflection of its function to synthesize and deliver milk to the newborn offspring. The uniqueness of the mammary gland resides in several factors. First, the mammary parenchyma undergoes the vast majority of its growth postpubertally, thus enabling experiments on development to be performed in the juvenile or adult and presenting opportunities for experimental manipulation of the gland not available with other organs. On the basis of this characteristic, the fat pad transplantation method was developed, which resulted in the elaboration of important concepts in senescence, immortalization, and preneoplasia. Second, the accessibility of the gland and the ductal organization allows delivery and localization of specific molecules to mammary parenchyma cells, the cells which are the site of origin of neoplastic development. Third, the organ is the target of viral, chemical, and physical carcinogens, allowing development of unique and complex models for neoplastic development. Finally, the complexity of hormone and growth factor regulation of mammary gland function allows a sophisticated approach to the study of hormone action. The purpose of this review is to illustrate some unique properties of the gland which provide the basis for specialized approaches to developmental, neoplastic, and functional problems.