Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta.
Cloning and characterization of a second AP-2 transcription factor: AP-2 beta.
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发表时间：
1995-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Markus Moser;Axel Imhof;A. Pscherer;Reinhard Bauer;W. Amselgruber;Fred Sinowatz;Ferdinand Hofstädter;Roland Schüle;Reinhard Buettner
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作者：
Markus Moser;Axel Imhof;A. Pscherer;Reinhard Bauer;W. Amselgruber;Fred Sinowatz;Ferdinand Hofstädter;Roland Schüle;Reinhard Buettner
AP-2先前已被表征为由单个基因编码的独特的52 × 10（3）M（r）转录激活因子，其在外周神经系统、面部、皮肤和肾组织的胚胎形态发生期间以限制模式表达。在这里，我们报告的基因组和cDNA克隆编码的第二AP-2相关的转录因子，命名为AP-2 β的分离。AP-2 β特异性结合一系列充分表征的AP-2结合位点，共有序列G/CCCN 3GGC，并在AP-2依赖性启动子的控制下反式激活报告质粒的转录。已知介导先前克隆的AP-2 α转录激活因子的同源二聚化的C-末端结构域是高度保守的，并且足以介导两种蛋白质之间的相互作用。北方印迹和原位杂交显示，这两个基因在小鼠胚胎中表达的时间为交配后9.5 - 19.5天。在胚胎发育的第13.5天和第15.5天，在许多组织中检测到这两种mRNA的共表达，但发育中的大脑和面部的一些区域，包括中脑原基和面部间充质，AP-2基因的表达模式不同。中枢和外周神经系统中的AP-2 α和AP-2 β信号与发育中的感觉神经元区域重叠。在成人组织中，AP-2 α主要在皮肤、眼睛和前列腺中表达，AP-2 β在肾脏中表达。总之，我们对胚胎和成年小鼠的分析表明，两种不同的AP-2转录因子在许多神经，表皮和泌尿生殖系统组织的分化过程中特异性表达。
AP-2 has been characterized previously as a unique 52 x 10(3) M(r) transcription activator encoded by a single gene that is expressed in a restricted pattern during embryonic morphogenesis of the peripheral nervous system, face, skin and nephric tissues. Here we report the isolation of genomic and cDNA clones encoding for a second AP-2 related transcription factor, designated AP-2 beta. AP-2 beta binds specifically to a series of well-characterized AP-2 binding sites, consensus to the sequence G/CCCN3GGC, and transactivates transcription from a reporter plasmid under the control of an AP-2-dependent promoter. A C-terminal domain known to mediate homodimerization of the previously cloned AP-2 alpha transcription activator is highly conserved and sufficient to mediate interaction between the two proteins. Northern blot and in situ hybridizations revealed that the two genes are expressed in murine embryos between days 9.5 and 19.5 p.c. Coexpression of both mRNAs was detected in many tissues at day 13.5 and 15.5 of embryogenesis but some regions of the developing brain and face including the primordium of midbrain and the facial mesenchyme differed in their expression pattern of AP-2 genes. AP-2 alpha and AP-2 beta signals in the central and peripheral nervous system overlapped with regions of developing sensory neurons. In adult tissues AP-2 alpha expression was found mainly in the skin, eye and prostate and AP-2 beta expression in the kidney. In summary, our analyses of embryonic and adult mice demonstrate that two different AP-2 transcription factors are specifically expressed during differentiation of many neural, epidermal and urogenital tissues.