Translating policy to place: exploring cultural ecosystem services in areas of Green Belt through participatory mapping
Translating policy to place: exploring cultural ecosystem services in areas of Green Belt through participatory mapping
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DOI：
10.1080/26395916.2023.2276752
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发表时间：
2023-11
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Matthew G. Kirby;Alister J. Scott;Claire L. Walsh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matthew G. Kirby;Alister J. Scott;Claire L. Walsh
摘要绿化带是长期以来的规划指定，主要是为了防止城市扩张。重要的是，绿化带形成了靠近大多数人居住的开放空间，但我们不清楚公众如何使用和重视绿化带，以及它们提供的文化生态系统服务。为了解决这一政策和研究差距，在英格兰东北部绿化带进行了一项公众参与性地图调查，779名受访者绘制了2388个点。结果首次表明，除了作为规划政策区外，绿化带也是重要的，并被广泛用于“日常自然”的开放空间，提供多种文化生态系统服务，包括娱乐、与自然的联系、地方感和审美价值。研究发现，影响绿化带文化生态系统服务供应的因素有几个，包括临近城市地区、林地覆盖和准入指定。而绿化带的需求压力主要集中在公共通行权、自然标志和落叶林地上。确定了阻碍绿化带充分发挥潜力的普遍障碍，包括管理问题、对人身安全的担忧以及缺乏通道。我们认为，进一步加强为绿化带和更广泛的城市周边景观提供的文化生态系统服务的机会不仅来自规划政策本身，而且来自整合城市、农村和土地使用政策筒仓的方法的设计和实施。这些发现对政策有更广泛的影响，包括与未来发展的潜在冲突，以及更多获得绿地的机会。绿化带的主要政策要点及其主要政策目的是防止蔓延，保护重要的开放和绿地，供人们享受和与自然互动、锻炼和逃避日常生活的压力。要了解人们如何实际使用和与绿化带互动，需要有关使用的基本数据，因为仅靠访问指定不足以说明使用模式。公众参与式地图绘制包括人们通过在地图上放置点来回答问题，这可以提供一种有用的方式来确定重要的区域、可能需要改进绿化带管理的区域以及未来改进的机会区域。绿化带距离人类居住地最近的地区被发现是自然界中使用最频繁、最重要的一些地区。
ABSTRACT Green Belts are longstanding planning designations, which primarily seek to prevent urban sprawl. Importantly, they form the open spaces close to where most people live, but we lack clarity over how Green Belts are used and valued by publics, and the cultural ecosystem services they provide. To address this policy and research gap, a public participatory mapping survey was conducted on the North-East England Green Belt, with 779 respondents plotting 2388 points. The results show for the first time that in addition to being a planning policy zone, Green Belts are important, and widely used open spaces for ‘everyday nature’, providing several cultural ecosystem services including recreation, connection with nature, sense of place and aesthetic value. Several factors were found to influence the supply of cultural ecosystem services in Green Belts, including proximity to urban areas, woodland land cover and access designations. Whereas most demand pressures on Green Belts were on public rights-of-way, nature designations and deciduous woodlands. Pervasive barriers inhibiting Green Belt’s full potential were identified including management issues, concerns over personal safety and lack of access. We argue that opportunities to further enhance the cultural ecosystem services provided Green Belts and peri-urban landscapes more broadly, not only come from planning policies themselves, but from the design and delivery of approaches integrating urban, rural and land-use policy silos. The findings have wider implications for policy including potential conflict with future development, and opportunities for greater access to greenspace. Key policy highlights As well as their primary policy purpose to prevent sprawl, Green Belts protect important open and greenspaces for people to enjoy and interact with nature, exercise and escape from pressures of everyday life. To understand how people physically use and interact with Green Belts, primary data on use are needed, as relying on access designations alone will not account adequately for use patterns. Public participatory mapping which involves people answering questions by placing points on a map can provide a useful way to identifying areas that are important; areas which may require improved management in the Green Belt, and opportunity areas for future improvements. The areas of Green Belt closest to where people live where found to be some of the most heavily used and important in terms of being in nature.