A landscape approach to nitrogen cycling in urban lawns reveals the interaction between topography and human behaviors
A landscape approach to nitrogen cycling in urban lawns reveals the interaction between topography and human behaviors
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DOI：
10.1007/s10533-020-00738-8
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
A. Suchy;P. Groffman;L. Band;J. Duncan;A. Gold;J. Grove;D. Locke;Laura Templeton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Suchy;P. Groffman;L. Band;J. Duncan;A. Gold;J. Grove;D. Locke;Laura Templeton
草坪是人类主导的景观中一种常见的生态系统类型，由于化肥的使用，它可能会对水质产生负面影响，但也提供了一系列生态系统服务。虽然许多研究都探讨了草坪中水和氮的动态变化，但很少有人考虑地形如何与人类行为相互作用来控制这些动态变化。我们的首要目标是确定中尺度地形(草坪内的山坡)是否与人类行为(化肥使用)相互作用，影响草坪中氮素的迁移和去除模式。为此，我们在施肥和未施肥的住宅和机构草坪上测量了与N沿地形梯度变化相关的几个水生物地球化学特征。我们发现，地形梯度影响草坪的水生物地球化学，其中景观位置(顶部、脚趾坡度与滩地沼泽)的影响显著，但影响的方向和强度往往因不同的草坪类型而异(郊区前院与郊区前院与郊区后院与机构)。施肥量对草坪的水生物化学性质没有影响。相反，这项研究的结果表明，郊区前院的草坪具有最大的氮素迁移风险，因为它具有一系列复杂的特征，包括接近不透水的表面，低饱和渗透率的沼泽，以及潜在的易受车辆N沉积的影响。这项研究强调了需要考虑对水和氮通量的景观控制，以及它们如何与人类行为相互作用，以更好地了解这些景观如何发挥作用。这些结果有助于对草坪的结构、功能和环境影响的新的理解。
Lawns are a common ecosystem type in human-dominated landscapes which can have negative impacts on water quality due to fertilizer applications, but also host a range of ecosystem services. While many studies have addressed water and nitrogen (N) dynamics in lawns, few have considered how topography interacts with human behaviors to control these dynamics. Our overarching objective was to determine if mesoscale topography (hillslopes within lawns) interacts with human behavior (fertilizer use) influencing patterns of N mobilization and removal in lawns. To that end, we measured several hydrobiogeochemical characteristics associated with N dynamics along topographic gradients in fertilized and unfertilized residential and institutional lawns. We found topographic gradients affect the hydrobiogeochemistry of lawns, with significant effects of landscape position (top versus toe slope versus bottomland swales), but with direction and strength of the effect often varying among different lawn types (exurban versus suburban front yards versus suburban backyards versus institutional). Fertilizer application did not affect the hydrobiogeochemical properties of lawns. Rather, results from this study suggest lawns in suburban front yards were at greatest risk of N mobilization due to a complex suite of characteristics including proximity to impervious surfaces, swales with low saturated infiltration rates, and potential vulnerability to N deposition from vehicles. This study highlights the need to consider landscape controls of water and N fluxes and how they interact with human behaviors to better understand how these landscapes function. These results contribute to the emerging understanding of the structure, function and environmental impacts of lawns.