Cellular resource allocation strategies for cell size and shape control in bacteria.
Cellular resource allocation strategies for cell size and shape control in bacteria.
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DOI：
10.1111/febs.16234
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发表时间：
2022-12
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影响因子：
--
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细菌是高度适应性的微生物，通过细胞形态和大分子组成的变化在广泛的生长条件下茁壮成长。细菌形态如何在不同的环境条件下调节是一个长期存在的问题。细胞大小和形状的调节意味着将细菌的生长和分裂与其细胞环境和大分子组成结合起来的控制机制。在过去的十年中，出现了简单的定量规律，将细胞生长与蛋白质组组成和营养物质的可用性联系起来。然而，细胞大小，形状和生长生理之间的关系仍然具有挑战性的解开和统一的模型是缺乏的。在这篇综述中，我们专注于细胞大小控制的调控模型，揭示了细菌细胞形态和生长生理之间的联系。特别是，我们讨论了营养条件和翻译扰动的变化如何调节细胞大小，生长速率和蛋白质组组成。结合定量模型和实验数据，我们确定了细菌大小调控的生理学原理，并讨论了细胞资源分配的优化策略。细菌细胞如何分配大分子资源以优化生长速率和调节细胞大小是单细胞细菌生理学的核心问题。在这里，我们回顾定量模型的细胞大小，生长和形状控制的基础上粗粒度分区的细胞蛋白质组。这些模型揭示了在不同的营养环境中，分配用于翻译、分裂和代谢的细胞资源之间的权衡如何调节细胞形态和生长。
Bacteria are highly adaptive microorganisms that thrive in a wide range of growth conditions via changes in cell morphologies and macromolecular composition. How bacterial morphologies are regulated in diverse environmental conditions is a longstanding question. Regulation of cell size and shape implies control mechanisms that couple the growth and division of bacteria to their cellular environment and macromolecular composition. In the past decade, simple quantitative laws have emerged that connect cell growth to proteomic composition and the nutrient availability. However, the relationships between cell size, shape and growth physiology remain challenging to disentangle and unifying models are lacking. In this review, we focus on regulatory models of cell size control that reveal the connections between bacterial cell morphology and growth physiology. In particular, we discuss how changes in nutrient conditions and translational perturbations regulate the cell size, growth rate and proteome composition. Integrating quantitative models with experimental data, we identify the physiological principles of bacterial size regulation, and discuss the optimization strategies of cellular resource allocation for size control. How bacterial cells allocate macromolecular resources to optimize growth rate and regulate cell size is a central question in single-cell bacterial physiology. Here we review quantitative models for cell size, growth and shape control based on coarse-grained partitioning of the cellular proteome. These models reveal how the tradeoffs between cellular resources allocated for translation, division and metabolism regulate cell morphology and growth in varying nutrient environments.
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