Locust phase polyphenism: Does epigenetic precede endocrine regulation?
Locust phase polyphenism: Does epigenetic precede endocrine regulation?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.05.003
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
De Loof, Arnold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boerjan, Bart;Sas, Filip;De Loof, Arnold
独居蝗虫和群居蝗虫在形态、生理和行为上的差异是如此明显，以至于如果不了解表型可塑性现象，人们很容易把这两个阶段误认为属于不同的物种。许多相位特征是由激素控制的。幼体激素促进了几个孤独的特征，绿色的角质层颜色是最明显的。神经肽corazonin引发了典型的群居期的深色角质层颜色，以及特殊的群居行为特征。然而，由于多种原因，必须得出结论，内分泌系统不是主要的阶段决定系统。我们观察到，在生命的早期，幼崽聚集在一起，寿命就会留下印记，此后就无法改变。这让我们考虑到这样一种可能性，即基因表达的表观遗传控制，如果不是缺失的，可能是一种主要的阶段决定机制。印迹可能涉及DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰。通过对神经组织的一个血吸虫EST数据库的分析，发现了几个可能参与表观遗传控制的候选基因，包括两个DNA甲基转移酶（Dnmts）。Dnmt 1和Dnmt 2在某些组织中有阶段特异性表达。在胸椎神经节中，在感知机械刺激的血清素通路中很重要，它们的表达明显受到拥挤的影响。我们的数据敦促重新考虑内分泌系统的作用，因为它夹在遗传学和表观遗传学之间，涉及互补的作用模式。(C) 2011爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The morphological, physiological and behavioural differences between solitarious and gregarious desert locusts arc, so pronounced that one could easily mistake the two phases as belonging to different species, if one has no knowledge of the phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity. A number of phase-specific features are hormonally controlled. Juvenile hormone promotes several solitarious features, the green cuticular colour being the most obvious one. The neuropeptide corazonin elicits the dark cuticular colour that is typical for the gregarious phase, as well as particular gregarious behavioural characteristics. However, it had to be concluded, for multiple reasons, that the endocrine system is not the primary phase-determining system. Our observation that longevity gets imprinted in very early life by crowding of the young hatchlings, and that it cannot be changed thereafter, made us consider the possibility that, perhaps, epigenetic control of gene expression might be, if not the missing, a primary phase-determining mechanism. Imprinting is likely to involve DNA methylation and histone modification. Analysis of a Schistocerca EST database of nervous tissue identified the presence of several candidate genes that may be involved in epigenetic control, including two DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). Dnmt 1 and Dnmt 2 are phase-specifically expressed in certain tissues. In the metathoracic ganglion, important in the serotonin pathway for sensing mechanostimulation, their expression is clearly affected by crowding. Our data urge for reconsidering the role of the endocrine system as being sandwiched in between genetics and epigenetics, involving complementary modes of action. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.