What is traditional pastoral farming? The politics of heritage and 'real values' in Swedish summer farms (fäbodbruk)
What is traditional pastoral farming? The politics of heritage and 'real values' in Swedish summer farms (fäbodbruk)
复制标题
什么是传统田园农业？瑞典夏季农场的遗产政治和“真正价值”（fäbodbruk）
DOI：
10.1186/2041-7136-1-25
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Camilla Eriksson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Camilla Eriksson
随着二十世纪欧洲农业的现代化和工业化，以少量传统牛品种维持生产系统的牧民数量急剧减少。虽然这些畜牧系统与农业产业化政策不相容，但它们与当前欧盟（EU）政策更好地匹配，强调高自然价值和各种文化遗产保护措施。如今，这些农场可以获得欧盟的资金来保护自然和/或文化遗产价值，而不是生产农产品。尽管此类欧盟补贴对传统农民的生计做出了可喜的贡献，但必须对传统或非传统的定义进行关键定义可能会存在问题。本文提供了瑞典 fäbodbruk 的一个例子，这是瑞典北部的一个小农森林放牧系统，饲养着传统的牛、山羊和绵羊品种。由于二十世纪的政策制定和农业补贴反映了当时的政治议程，农民在政治决策的优先顺序上发生了许多变化。当代对传统农业和遗产的推动可能使政策制定变得更加困难，例如关于什么应被视为传统以及什么构成自然和文化遗产的问题。本文探讨了相关当局对农民是否在生产自然和/或文化遗产的估价和评估对农民的影响。
The number of pastoralists maintaining production systems with small numbers of traditional breeds of cattle decreased dramatically with the modernisation and industrialisation of agriculture in Europe during the twentieth century. While these pastoral systems were not compatible with agricultural industrialisation policies, they provide a far better match to current European Union (EU) policy with its emphasis on high nature values and various cultural heritage protection measures. Today, these farms can obtain EU funding for preserving natural and/or cultural heritage values rather than producing agricultural goods. Although such EU subsidies make a welcome contribution to the livelihood of traditional farmers, the critical definitions that have to be made regarding what is considered traditional or non-traditional can be problematic. This paper provides an example from Swedish fäbodbruk, a smallholder system of forest pasturing with traditional breeds of cattle, goats and sheep in northern Sweden. As policymaking and agricultural subsidies during the twentieth century reflected the contemporary political agenda of that time, farmers have been subjected to many changes in priority in political decision making. The contemporary push for traditional farming and heritage has made policymaking potentially even more difficult, e.g. as regards the question of what should be considered traditional and what makes up natural and cultural heritage. This paper examines how farmers are affected by valuations and assessments made by the relevant authorities on whether they are producing natural and/or cultural heritage.