The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis
The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291702005822
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Clark, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salkovskis, PM;Rimes, KA;Clark, DM
背景健康焦虑的自我评估应该在整个强度范围内敏感（从轻度关注到坦率的低血糖），并且应该区分患有健康焦虑的人与那些实际患有身体疾病但不过分关注自己健康的人。它还应该包括临床低血糖症的全部临床症状特征。这样一个规模的发展和验证的描述。进行了三项研究。首先，通过比较患有脑下垂体病的患者与患有脑下垂体病和惊恐障碍、惊恐障碍、社交恐怖症和非患者对照的患者的反应来验证问卷。其次，一个国家版本的问卷进行管理的患者接受认知行为治疗或等待名单，以检查该措施的变化的敏感性。在第三项研究中，开发了一个缩短的版本，并在类似类型的样本中进行了验证，并在一系列因身体疾病寻求医疗帮助的人的样本中进行了验证。该量表被认为是可靠的，并有很高的内部一致性。抑郁症患者的得分显著高于焦虑症患者，包括社交恐怖症患者和惊恐障碍患者以及正常对照组。在第二项研究中，发现“状态”版本的量表对治疗效果敏感，并且与基于当前临床状态访谈的临床医生评级高度相关。该量表的开发和完善（旨在更全面地反映脑下垂的症状和反应范围）被认为是可靠和有效的。一个非常短的（14项）版本的规模被发现有可比性的属性全长规模。HAI是健康焦虑的可靠和有效的测量方法。它可能是有用的，作为一个简短的筛选工具，因为有一个简短的形式与较长的版本高度相关。
Background. A self-rated measure of health anxiety should be sensitive across the full range of intensity (from mild concern to frank hypochondriasis) and should differentiate people suffering from health anxiety from those who have actual physical illness but who are not excessively concerned about their health. It should also encompass the full range of clinical symptoms characteristic of clinical hypochondriasis. The development and validation of such a scale is described.Method. Three studies were conducted. First, the questionnaire was validated by comparing the responses of patients suffering from hypochondriasis with those suffering from hypochondriasis and panic disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and non-patient controls. Secondly, a state version of the questionnaire was administered to patients undergoing cognitive-behavioural treatment or wait-list in order to examine the measure's sensitivity to change. In the third study, a shortened version was developed and validated in similar types of sample, and in a range of samples of people seeking medical help for physical illness.Results. The scale was found to be reliable and to have a high internal consistency. Hypochondriacal patients scored significantly higher than anxiety disorder patients, including both social phobic patients and panic disorder patients as well as normal controls. In the second study, a 'state' version of the scale was found to be sensitive to treatment effects, and to correlate very highly with a clinician rating based on an interview of present clinical state. A development and refinement of the scale (intended to reflect more fully the range of symptoms of and reactions to hypochondriasis) was found to be reliable and valid. A very short (14 item) version of the scale was found to have comparable properties to the full length scale.Conclusions. The HAI is a reliable and valid measure of health anxiety. It is likely to be useful as a brief screening instrument, as there is a short form which correlates highly with the longer version.