MICROWAVE-INDUCED ORGANIC-REACTION ENHANCEMENT (MORE) CHEMISTRY - TECHNIQUES FOR RAPID, SAFE AND INEXPENSIVE SYNTHESIS
MICROWAVE-INDUCED ORGANIC-REACTION ENHANCEMENT (MORE) CHEMISTRY - TECHNIQUES FOR RAPID, SAFE AND INEXPENSIVE SYNTHESIS
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DOI：
10.1163/156856794x00027
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
ROBB, EW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOSE, AK;MANHAS, MS;ROBB, EW
在未改造的家用微波炉中，在开放容器中进行了微波照射下的合成有机反应。反应时间从亚毫克反应的几秒钟到数百克反应的15分钟不等。一些缩合反应、Bischler-Napieralski反应、Wolff-Kishner还原反应、自由基脱卤反应和其他标准的合成操作都取得了令人满意的结果。以甲酸铵为氢源，在100 ~ 130℃微波辐照下进行了快速催化转移加氢。为本科生和大学预科学生开发和测试了有意义、安全、廉价的合成实验。MORE化学技术使得使用简单的设备和极短的反应时间成为可能。商用微波炉现在是我们研究和教学实验室必不可少的设备[1-3]。这些烤箱相对便宜，容易从一个实验室搬到另一个实验室，并且操作安全。玻璃、塑料和陶瓷对微波基本上是透明的，而许多有机化合物本质上是偶极的，很容易吸收微波能量。我们发现，非传统的实验安排可以在家用微波炉的开放容器中进行各种各样的有机反应。根据反应物的数量，大多数反应（从毫克到几克不等）可以在几分钟内完成，而不是几小时。我们的“微波诱导有机反应增强”（MORE）化学的一个重要因素是正确选择微波能量传递剂作为反应介质。
Synthetic organic reactions have been conducted under microwave irradiation in open vessels in unaltered domestic microwave ovens. Reaction times vary from a few seconds for sub-milligram reactions to about 15 minutes for reactions carried out on a scale of hundreds of grams. Promising results have been obtained for several condensations, as well as the Bischler-Napieralski reaction, the Wolff-Kishner reduction, free radical dehalogenation reactions, and other standard synthetic operations. Rapid catalytic transfer hydrogenation using ammonium formate as the source of hydrogen has been conducted at about 100-130 OC under microwave irradiation.Meaningful, safe and inexpensive synthetic experiments for undergraduate and precollege students have been developed and tested. The MORE chemistry techniques make it possible to use simple apparatus and very short reaction times.Commercial microwave ovens are now essential equipment in our research and teaching laboratories [1-3]. These ovens are relatively inexpensive, easy to move from one laboratory and set up in another, and safe to operate. Glass, plastics, and ceramics are essentially transparent to microwaves whereas many organic compounds are dipolar in nature and absorb microwave energy readily. We have found that untraditional experimental arrangements are possible for conducting a wide variety of organic reactions in open vessels inside domestic microwave ovens. Depending on the quantity of reactants, most reactions (on a scale of milligrams to several grams) can be completed in minutes instead of hours. One important element of our ''Microwave-induced Organic Reaction Enhancement'' (MORE) chemistry is the proper choice of a microwave energy transfer agent as the reaction medium.