Environmental surveillance system to track wild poliovirus transmission
Environmental surveillance system to track wild poliovirus transmission
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.69.5.2919-2927.2003
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Siddiqui, ZA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deshpande, JM;Shetty, SJ;Siddiqui, ZA
在印度的大大都会城市，由于人口密度高和存在大规模的城市贫民窟，很难根除小儿麻痹症。1999年和2000年，印度孟买报告了三例麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例，尽管免疫覆盖率高，补充免疫活动质量好。因此，我们开展了一项系统的环境监测研究，每周对三个高风险贫民区的污水样本进行筛查，以发现野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的无声传播。二零零一年，在137个污水样本中，有35个样本分离出脊灰I型野生病毒，而1个样本则分离出脊灰3型野生病毒。急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）监测显示该市有1例麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例。系统发育分析与完整的VP1序列显示，从环境样品中分离的病毒属于四个谱系的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒最近分离的脊髓灰质炎病例在北方邦，而不是以前分离的AFP病例在孟买。由此引入的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒导致一例麻痹性脊髓灰质炎。3个月前在环境样品中检测到病毒。结果发现，一年中几次引入的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒在孟买传播了一段有限的时间，然后被消灭。发现环境监测对于发现野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的无声传播具有敏感性。核苷酸序列分析有助于确定野生脊髓灰质炎病毒储存区。
Eradication of poliomyelitis from large metropolis cities in India has been difficult due to high population density and the presence of large urban slums. Three paralytic poliomyelitis cases were reported in Mumbai, India, in 1999 and 2000 in spite of high immunization coverage and good-quality supplementary immunization activities. We therefore established a systematic environmental surveillance study by weekly screening of sewage samples from three high-risk slum areas to detect the silent transmission of wild poliovirus. In 2001, from among the 137 sewage samples tested, wild poliovirus type I was isolated from 35 and wild poliovirus type 3 was isolated from 1. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance indicated one case of paralytic poliomyelitis from the city. Phylogenetic analysis with complete VP1 sequences revealed that the isolates from environmental samples belonged to four lineages of wild polioviruses recently isolated from poliomyelitis cases in Uttar Pradesh and not to those previously isolated from AFP cases in Mumbai. Wild poliovirus thus introduced caused one case of paralytic poliomyelitis. The virus was detected in environmental samples 3 months before. It was found that wild polioviruses introduced several times during the year circulated in Mumbai for a limited period before being eliminated. Environmental surveillance was found to be sensitive for the detection of wild poliovirus silent transmission. Nucleotide sequence analysis helped identify wild poliovirus reservoir areas.