Intentional deception in Primates.
Intentional deception in Primates.
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DOI：
10.1002/evan.1360010306
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Waal, Frans B.M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Waal, Frans B.M.
欺骗可以被定义为对自己有利的知识、意图或动机的不准确或错误的形象的投射。许多科学家都曾报道过非人类灵长类动物也会使用欺骗手段。他们的描述是基于对灵长类动物的观察，这些灵长类动物与人类有密切的接触，在圈养的群体中，以及在野外。定性描述沿着与实验证据的现象。积累的证据相当有启发性，暗示了复杂的认知机制，特别是在类人猿中。灵长类动物不仅会抑制或隐藏某些信号，还会投射错误的图像，或者似乎对不存在的外部事件做出反应，以转移他人的注意力。主要是描述性的证据需要补充实验的可能性归因和故意操纵其他个人的精神状态。
Deception can be defined as the projection, to one's own advantage, of an inaccurate or false image of knowledge, intentions, or motivations. A great many scientists have reported the use of deception by nonhuman primates. Their accounts have been based on observations of primates in close contact with people, in captive groups, and in the wild. Qualitative descriptions are presented along with experimental evidence for the phenomenon. The accumulated evidence is quite suggestive, implying sophisticated cognitive mechanisms, particularly in the great apes. Primates not only suppress or hide certain signals, but also project false images or seem to react to nonexisting external events to redirect another's attention. The predominantly descriptive evidence needs to be complemented by experiments on the possibility of attribution and intentional manipulation of other individuals' mental states.