A usability case study of algorithmic differentiation tools on the ISSM ice sheet model

A usability case study of algorithmic differentiation tools on the ISSM ice sheet model
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ISSM 冰盖模型算法微分工具的可用性案例研究

DOI:
10.1080/10556788.2017.1396602
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Gilberto
Gilberto
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alexander ;Bischof;Christian ;Sagebaum;Gauger;Nicolas R. ;Jurgelucks ;Benjamin ;Larour ;Perez ;Gilberto

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在复杂的C++软件环境中,基于运算符重载的微分(AD)通常是应用AD的唯一可行方法。过去已经研究了与引入基于运算符重载的AD工具有关的挑战。然而,为了评估可能的性能增益或验证导数值,能够将多于一个AD工具应用于给定代码是有利的。因此,在这项工作中,我们调查交换AD工具时的可用性问题。我们的研究是基于NASA/JPL/UCI冰盖系统模式(ISSM),目前采用AD工具ADOL-C。我们将CoDiPack引入ISSM,这是一个更新的AD工具,提供了一组类似的功能,同时有望提高性能。除了AD增强浮点类型的明显类型更改之外,此转换还需要更改为不同的伴随MPI库,调整MUMPS求解器包装器,以及更改派生播种和提取例程。我们认为,这些问题是相当通用的数值模拟软件,我们报告的问题提供了类似的事业的蓝图。我们还相信,我们的经验提供了指导,支持AD工具的互操作性的AD接口的发展。此外,我们改进了现有的ADOL-C仪器,表现出相当大的运行时问题,更高的网格分辨率的内存管理。我们进行串行和并行ISSM模型运行的2D大众运输基准,以及模型的松岛冰川,以验证这两种工具计算的衍生物和报告的运行时性能和内存使用情况。相比之下,ISSM的CoDiPack AD变体运行速度更快,内存开销比ADOL-C变体更少,因此,未来模型运行时可以使用更多的网格元素。但是,两种不同AD实现的存在为衍生工具的正确性提供了额外的信心,特别是对于未来的AD工具版本。
Algorithmic differentiation (AD) based on operator overloading is often the only feasible approach for applying AD in complex C++software environments. Challenges pertaining to the introduction of an AD tool based on operator overloading have been studied in the past. However, in order to assess possible performance gains or to verify derivative values, it is advantageous to be able to apply more than one AD tool to a given code. Hence, in this work, we investigate usability issues when exchanging AD tools. Our study is based on the NASA/JPL/UCI Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) which currently employs the AD tool ADOL-C. We introduce CoDiPack to ISSM, a more recent AD tool offering a similar set of features while promising performance improvements. In addition to the obvious type change for the AD-augmented float type, this transition requires the change to a different adjoint MPI library, adaptation of the MUMPS solver wrapper, and changes to the derivative seeding and extraction routines. We believe that these issues are fairly generic for numerical simulation software, and the issues we report on provide a blueprint for similar undertakings. We also believe that our experiences provide guidance towards the development of AD interfaces that support AD tool interoperability. In addition, we improve upon the memory management of the existing ADOL-C instrumentation, which exhibited considerable runtime problems for higher mesh resolutions. We conduct serial and parallel ISSM model runs on a 2D mass transport benchmark as well as a model of the Pine Island Glacier to verify the derivatives computed by both tools and report on runtime performance and memory usage. In comparison, the CoDiPack AD variant of ISSM runs faster with less memory overhead than the ADOL-C variant and, thus, enables future model runs with an increased number of mesh elements. But the existence of two different AD implementations provides added confidence in the correctness of derivatives, in particular for future AD tool versions.
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