Young people's topography of musical functions: Personal, social and cultural experiences with music across genders and six societies
Young people's topography of musical functions: Personal, social and cultural experiences with music across genders and six societies
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DOI：
10.1080/00207594.2012.656128
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Zenger, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boer, Diana;Fischer, Ronald;Zenger, Markus
如何理解音乐在日常生活中的作用？音乐是一种普遍现象，但在个体和文化之间存在着显著的差异。听众的性别和文化背景可能会影响音乐在日常生活中的使用方式和原因。本文报告了第一次调查的整体框架和一个新的措施，音乐功能（尊重音乐）跨性别和六个不同的文化样本（学生从德国，肯尼亚，墨西哥，新西兰，菲律宾和土耳其）。音乐功能的心理表征有两个维度。首先，音乐可以用于沉思或情感功能。第二，音乐可以服务于个人、社会和社会文化功能。结果表明，情感功能存在性别差异，表明女性听众更多地使用音乐的情感功能，即，情感表达、舞蹈和文化认同。社会功能（价值观、社会纽带、舞蹈）的国家差异适中，社会文化功能（文化认同、家庭纽带、政治态度）的国家差异最大。文化价值观，如个人主义-集体主义和世俗主义-传统主义，可以帮助解释音乐使用的跨文化差异。来自更集体主义文化的听众更频繁地使用音乐来表达价值观和文化身份。来自更世俗和个人主义文化的听众更喜欢跳舞。来自更传统文化的听众更多地使用音乐来表达价值观和文化认同，他们更频繁地通过音乐与家人联系在一起。音乐功能的两个维度似乎系统地受到听众性别和文化背景的支持。我们讨论了音乐作为情感和情感的行为表达以及个人，社会和社会文化方面的影响倾向和文化价值。
How can we understand the uses of music in daily life? Music is a universal phenomenon but with significant interindividual and cultural variability. Listeners' gender and cultural background may influence how and why music is used in daily life. This paper reports the first investigation of a holistic framework and a new measure of music functions (RESPECT-music) across genders and six diverse cultural samples (students from Germany, Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, and Turkey). Two dimensions underlie the mental representation of music functions. First, music can be used for contemplation or affective functions. Second, music can serve intrapersonal, social, and sociocultural functions. Results reveal that gender differences occur for affective functions, indicating that female listeners use music more for affective functions, i.e., emotional expression, dancing, and cultural identity. Country differences are moderate for social functions (values, social bonding, dancing) and strongest for sociocultural function (cultural identity, family bonding, political attitudes). Cultural values, such as individualism-collectivism and secularism-traditionalism, can help explain cross-cultural differences in the uses of music. Listeners from more collectivistic cultures use music more frequently for expressing values and cultural identity. Listeners from more secular and individualistic cultures like to dance more. Listeners from more traditional cultures use music more for expressing values and cultural identity, and they bond more frequently with their families over music. The two dimensions of musical functions seem systematically underpinned by listeners' gender and cultural background. We discuss the uses of music as behavioral expressions of affective and contemplative as well as personal, social, and sociocultural aspects in terms of affect proneness and cultural values.