Collective Reactions to Threat: Implications for Intergroup Conflict and for Solving Societal Crises
Collective Reactions to Threat: Implications for Intergroup Conflict and for Solving Societal Crises
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-2409.2011.01027.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Kessler, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fritsche, Immo;Jonas, Eva;Kessler, Thomas
个人和集体的威胁会滋生种族中心主义和群体间冲突。我们提出了一个基于群体的控制模型，从社会心理学的角度阐明这些影响的动机基础。审查的经验证据表明，个人威胁的种族中心主义态度的影响。此外，有证据表明，人们认为缺乏对自己生活重要方面的个人控制，会促使人们支持和维护社会内群体。这是因为，人们普遍认为，群体是具有共同目标的同质行动者，这可能会象征性地恢复群体成员的全球控制感。我们讨论了复杂的现实世界的威胁（经济危机，恐怖主义和气候变化）对种族中心主义倾向的影响，以及我们如何在控制模型中解释这一点。最后，我们详细阐述了减少种族中心主义威胁反应的影响，以及可能有助于解决社会危机的威胁可能产生的亲社会后果。
Personal and collective threat can breed ethnocentrism and intergroup conflict. We present a model of group-based control to elucidate motivational underpinnings of these effects from a social psychological perspective. Reviewed empirical evidence illustrates the effects of personal threat on ethnocentric attitudes. Moreover, evidence reveals that perceived lack of personal control of important aspects of one's life induces people to support and defend social in-groups. This is because people heuristically believe that groups are homogeneous actors of shared goals that may promise the symbolic restoration of group members' sense of global control. We discuss the effects complex real-world threats (economic crises, terrorism, and climate change) have on ethnocentric tendencies and how we explain this within the control model. Finally, we elaborate on implications for reducing ethnocentric threat responses and on possible prosocial consequences of threat that may help to solve societal crises.