Prior knowledge and memory: the influence of natural category size as a function of intention and distraction.
Prior knowledge and memory: the influence of natural category size as a function of intention and distraction.
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先验知识和记忆：自然类别大小作为意图和注意力的函数的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.11.1.94
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Casanueva,D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nelson,DL;Bajo,MT;Casanueva,D
在有意识学习的条件下，具有大量相关联想的单词更难被回忆起来。这一发现表明，记忆性能与自然类别大小成反比。本文的实验目的是评估定向任务和延迟测试相关的注意转移对自然类别大小效应的潜在影响。实验1和实验2的结果表明，它与任务取向无关。然而，实验2和3的结果表明，这种效果很容易被破坏。即使在解决了5分钟的乘法问题后，具有较大关联集的单词也不会比具有较小关联集的单词更难回忆。这些发现表明，每当在没有特定语义线索的情况下经历熟悉的概念时，相关联想就会自动激活和编码。然而，只有当这些相关的联想处于当前激活状态时，具有较大集合的单词才更难以回忆起来。
Words having larger numbers of related associates are more difficult to recall under conditions of intentional learning. This finding indicates that memory performance is inversely related to natural category size. The purpose of the experiments presented in this article was to evaluate the potential influence of orienting task and attention shifts associated with delayed testing on the natural category size effect. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate that it is obtained regardless of task orientation. However, the results of Experiments 2 and 3 indicate that the effect is easily disrupted. Even after only 5 min of solving multiplication problems, words having larger sets of associates are no more difficult to recall than those having smaller sets. These findings suggest that related associates are automatically activated and encoded whenever a familiar concept is experienced in the absence of specific semantic cues. However, words having larger sets will be more difficult to recall only when these related associates are in a state of current activation.