Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: The "cold war" has not ended
Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: The "cold war" has not ended
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DOI：
10.1086/313960
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Hall, CB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, CB
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）每年都会爆发，是儿科病房的主要医院危害。它在幼儿中发病率很高，并且在患有基础疾病（尤其是心肺疾病和免疫抑制疾病）的儿童中最为严重。在老年患者中，RSV 可能会加剧潜在病症或肺部和心脏症状。在移植单位中，RSV 可能是隐匿性的，并且与高死亡率相关。院内 RSV 感染的表现可能不典型，特别是在新生儿和免疫抑制患者中，导致延误或漏诊，并显着增加住院费用。 RSV 主要通过与传染性分泌物的密切接触（通过大颗粒气溶胶或通过污染物以及随后的自我接种）传播，而医务人员通常在传播过程中发挥重要作用。因此，对工作人员进行有关 RSV 院内感染的传播方式、表现和重要性的教育是任何感染控制计划不可或缺的一部分。洗手可能是最重要的感染控制程序。屏障控制的选择应由各个机构根据患者、病房类型以及相对成本的效益来决定。
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major nosocomial hazard on pediatric wards during its annual outbreaks. It produces significant morbidity in young children and is most severe in those with underlying conditions, especially cardiopulmonary and immunosuppressive diseases. In older patients, RSV may exacerbate an underlying condition or pulmonary and cardiac manifestations. On transplant units, of RSV may be occult and is associated with high mortality rates. The manifestations of nosocomial RSV infections may be atypical, especially in neonates and immunosuppressed patients, resulting in delayed or missed diagnosis and adding appreciably to the costs of hospitalization. RSV is primarily spread by close contact with infectious secretions, either by large-particle aerosols or by fomites and subsequent self-inoculation, and medical staff are often instrumental in its transmission. Thus, integral to any infection control program is the education of personnel about the modes of transmission, the manifestations, and the importance of RSV nosocomial infections. Hand washing is probably the most important infection control procedure. The choice of barrier controls should be decided by individual institutions depending on the patients, the type of ward, and the benefit relative to cost.