Deficits of visual attention and saccadic eye movements after lesions of parietooccipital cortex in monkeys.
Deficits of visual attention and saccadic eye movements after lesions of parietooccipital cortex in monkeys.
复制标题
猴子顶枕皮质损伤后视觉注意力和眼球扫视运动的缺陷。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.1989.61.1.74
复制
发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
McLaren,JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch,JC;McLaren,JW
1.在人类大脑顶叶后叶，特别是小半球的皮质受损后，视觉注意力经常受到严重干扰，有些患者完全没有意识到大脑皮质受损对侧的半个人外空间的视觉刺激。这种严重的视觉注意力不集中通常被称为对侧忽视，偶尔会在猴子的顶后病变后出现。然而，在猴子身上，只发表了定性的观察结果，这些报告对缺陷的严重性并不一致。本实验旨在定量测量猕猴后顶叶和顶枕叶皮质病变对选择性视觉注意的干扰程度。2.研究人员训练五只猴子，当小的视觉刺激突然从中线移动不同距离(8度、16度或24度)进入左侧或右侧视觉半球时，它们的视觉注视并跟随。然后，两只动物接受了局限于顶下小叶(IPL)的单侧皮质损伤。三只动物接受单侧损伤，包括顶下小叶和部分相邻的背侧纹前皮质(IPL-PS)。3.视觉注意力不集中通常分为两个严重程度。更严重的形式，对侧忽视，是在大脑半球损伤的对侧视野中完全没有对刺激的行为反应。不太严重的缺陷，通常称为视觉消退，是当两个视觉刺激同时出现并相对于受试者周围环境的中心对称放置时，忽略它们的对侧的倾向。这项研究中的五只猴子接受了一种刺激范式的测试，该范式同时测量了视觉忽视的严重程度，以及由皮质损伤产生的视觉消退的数量和持续时间。4.单侧后顶叶或顶枕叶损毁后，所有猕猴均表现为对侧视觉消失。五只猴子中的三只在对侧大脑半球放置了第二个对称的病变后，视力消失的情况发生了逆转。无论是在正式测试的情况下，还是在非正式的神经学检查中，没有猴子在仅限于顶枕叶皮质的损害后表现出全面的对侧忽视的证据。观察到的注意力不集中的严重程度似乎与皮质损伤的大小无关。
1. Visual attention is often profoundly disturbed in humans after damage to the cortex of the posterior parietal lobe, particularly of the minor hemisphere, with some patients being totally unaware of visual stimuli in the hemifield of extrapersonal space contralateral to the cortical damage. This severe form of visual inattention is usually called contralateral neglect and has occasionally been reported following posterior parietal lesions in monkeys. However, in monkeys, only qualitative observations have been published and those reports are not in agreement concerning the severity of the deficit. The present experiments were designed to measure quantitatively the amount of disruption of selective visual attention which is produced by lesions of posterior parietal and parietooccipital cortical lesions in monkeys. 2. Five monkeys were trained to visually fixate and follow with their gaze a small visual stimulus as it suddenly moved varying distances (8, 16, or 24 degrees) from the midline into the left or right visual hemifields. Two animals then received a unilateral cortical lesion limited to the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Three animals received unilateral lesions which included both the inferior parietal lobule and a portion of adjacent dorsal prestriate cortex (IPL-PS). 3. Visual inattention is commonly divided into two levels of severity. The more severe form, contralateral neglect, is the complete absence of behavioral response to a stimulus in the visual field contralateral to hemisphere damage. The less severe deficit, usually called visual extinction, is a tendency to ignore the contralateral of two visual stimuli when they appear simultaneously and symmetrically placed with respect to the center of the subject's surroundings. The five monkeys in this study were tested on a stimulus paradigm which simultaneously measured the severity of visual neglect and also the amount and duration of visual extinction which were produced by the cortical lesions. 4. All monkeys displayed contralateral visual extinction after unilateral posterior parietal or parietooccipital lesions. Three of the five monkeys showed a reversal of the visual extinction after a second, symmetrical lesion was placed in the opposite hemisphere. No monkey showed evidence of full-blown contralateral neglect after lesions limited to the parietooccipital cortex, either in the formal testing situation or during informal neurological examinations. The severity of the observed inattention did not appear to be related to the size of the cortical lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)