The effects of chronic cadmium exposure on repeat swimming performance and anaerobic metabolism in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis).
The effects of chronic cadmium exposure on repeat swimming performance and anaerobic metabolism in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.003
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发表时间：
2016-04
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
J. L. Cunningham;J. McGeer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. L. Cunningham;J. McGeer
本研究探讨了慢性镉暴露的能力，以执行重复游泳的挑战，在褐鳟鱼（萨尔莫trutta）和湖白鲑（白鲑clupeaformis）的影响。将鱼暴露于中等硬度水（120 mg L−1CaCO3）中的水溶性镉（18 nM）30天。这种暴露水平已被证明会导致亚致死的生理破坏和适应反应，但在单次游泳挑战中不会损害持续游泳能力（Ucrit）。在暴露过程中进行游泳试验，每个试验包括初始游泳至对照鱼Ucrit的85%，30分钟恢复期，最后第二次游泳挑战以确定Ucrit。在每个游泳期之前和之后收集血浆和组织样品。正如预期从以前的研究中，镉暴露导致镉在鳃，肝脏和肾脏，但不是在白色肌肉中的显着积累。暴露也引起了血浆钙的损失，随后恢复（在湖白鲑，但不是褐鳟鱼），死亡率很少（湖白鲑100%的生存率和93%的褐鳟鱼）。对照组和暴露组的鱼都游到了单次游泳的85% Ucrit，并且没有观察到性能差异。第二次游泳挑战中未暴露对照组的Ucrit与单次游泳Ucrit没有差异。然而，第二次游泳的表现显着减少镉暴露的鱼，特别是在一个星期的曝光后，分别观察到31%和38%的减少褐鳟鱼和湖白鲑。游泳至85%Ucrit导致代谢消耗，30 min后几乎没有恢复。控制和镉暴露的鱼之间的差异不大，除了减少在休息白色肌肉ATP储存镉暴露鱼1周后曝光。结果表明，慢性亚致死镉暴露的游泳能力在重复游泳的挑战，但这种损害一般不相关的白色肌肉的代谢过程中的损害的结果。
This study investigates the effect of chronic Cd exposure on the ability to perform repeat swim challenges in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). Fish were exposed to waterborne Cd (18 nM) in moderately hard water (120 mg L−1CaCO3) for 30 days. This level of exposure has been shown to cause sublethal physiological disruption and acclimation responses but no impairment of sustained swimming capacity (Ucrit) in single swim challenges. Swim trials were done over the course of the exposure and each one consisted of an initial swim to 85% of theUcritof control fish, a 30 min recovery period and finally a second swim challenge to determineUcrit. Plasma and tissue samples were collected before and after each of the swim periods. As expected from previous studies, Cd exposure resulted in significant accumulation of Cd in gills, liver and kidney but not in white muscle. Exposure also induced a loss of plasma Ca followed by subsequent recovery (in lake whitefish but not brown trout) with few mortalities (100% survival for lake whitefish and 93% for brown trout). Both control and exposed fish swam to 85% of the single swimUcritand no differences in performance were seen. The Ucrit of unexposed controls in the second swim challenges were not different from the single swim Ucrit. However, second swim performance was significantly reduced in Cd exposed fish, particularly after a week of exposure where 31% and 38% reductions were observed for brown trout and lake whitefish respectively. Swimming to 85%Ucritresulted in metabolic expenditure with little recovery after 30 min. Few differences were observed between control and Cd exposed fish with the exception of a reduction in resting white muscle ATP stores of Cd exposed fish after 1 week of exposure. The results show that chronic sublethal Cd exposure results in an impairment of swimming ability in repeat swim challenges but this impairment is generally not related to metabolic processes in white muscle.