Monthly domestic hot water profiles for energy calculation in Finnish apartment buildings
Monthly domestic hot water profiles for energy calculation in Finnish apartment buildings
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芬兰公寓楼能源计算的每月生活热水概况
DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.03.051
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
J. Kurnitski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Ahmed;Petri Pylsy;J. Kurnitski
需要生活热水 (DHW) 曲线来估算能源使用和系统设计。文献中很少有现场数据和基于模拟的研究，重点关注每小时概况、季节性变化的个人消费和居住人数。本文连续两年调查了拥有 379 名居住者的 182 套芬兰公寓的每日生活热水消耗量。考虑到日历月份的变化，得出了全周、工作日和周末的 DHW 每月消耗率和每月消耗系数。平均消耗量为 43 升/人/天，而最大和最小消耗量分别在 11 月和 7 月记录。工作日和周末之间也存在差异，大多在 20-70 升/人/天的范围内，DHW 比率从 0.3 到 0.5 不等。十一月至二月的消费趋势较高，而五月至七月则相反。公寓面积影响具体消费，较小公寓的消费较高约 1.5 倍。通过太阳能热系统的动态模拟测试了所获得的剖面对能源利用的影响。与没有每月变化的模拟相比，得出的每月概况将输送能量增加了 4.7%。工作日和周末的消耗变化对输送的能量没有显着影响。
Domestic hot water (DHW) profile is required to estimate energy use and system design. Few onsite data and simulation-based studies are available in literature focusing on hourly profile, individual consumption with seasonal variation and occupant number. This paper investigated onsite DHW daily consumption in 182 Finnish apartments with 379 occupants during two consecutive years. DHW monthly consumption rates and monthly consumption factors for full week, weekdays, and weekend were derived allowing of calendar months variation. The average consumption was 43 L/person/day whereas maximum and minimum consumptions were noted, respectively in November and July. The variation was observed between weekdays and weekend too, being mostly in the range of 20–70 L/person/day and DHW ratio varied from 0.3 to 0.5. Higher consumption trend during November to February were noticed whereas opposite behavior was observed during May to July. Apartment's size affected specific consumption and smaller apartment consumption was higher by factor of about 1.5. The obtained profiles effect on the energy use was tested with dynamic simulation of solar thermal system. The derived monthly profile increased delivered energy by 4.7% compared to simulation without monthly variations. The weekday and weekend consumption variations did not have significant effect on delivered energy.