Conjugated polymers: From synthesis, transport properties, to device applications
Conjugated polymers: From synthesis, transport properties, to device applications
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共轭聚合物：从合成、传输特性到器件应用
DOI：
10.1002/polb.24911
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yu, Guihua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Yue Jessica;Yu, Guihua
1977年，MacDiarmid、Heeger和Shirakawa发现了高导电性的聚乙炔，打破了我们对聚合物是绝缘体的完美范例的看法，2000年诺贝尔化学奖授予了这三位先驱。尽管共轭聚合物的载流子迁移率和导电性较差(与无机半导体和金属相比)，但由于分子设计、溶液可加工性、重量轻和加工成本低，共轭聚合物具有结构和功能多样性的显著优势。此外，自下而上的共轭聚合物合成工艺被认为比无机半导体和金属的采矿工艺更环保。在这些吸引力的推动下，基于共轭聚合物的材料和器件领域在过去几十年中取得了令人印象深刻的发展，导致了大量π共轭聚合物的合成，并揭开了它们的电荷传输物理的面纱。在化学家、物理学家、材料科学家和工程师的不懈努力下，电学性能得到了显著改善，半导体聚合物突破了1cm2 V-1 S-1的迁移率界限，超过了薄膜非晶硅，导电聚合物的电导率超过了10,000 S/cm，属于无机金属的范围。因此，这类材料已经从一开始空气稳定性和可加工性有限的纯粹科学奇观转变为消费电子产品(如有机光伏(OPV)、有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机场效应晶体管(OFET)、超级电容器、电池和各种传感器)的有力竞争者。
The discovery of highly conductive polyacetylene by MacDiarmid, Heeger, and Shirakawa in 1977 demolished our perception of polymers as the perfect example of insulators, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 was awarded to these three pioneers. Despite the inferior charge carrier mobility and conductivity (compared to inorganic semiconductors and metals), conjugated polymers possess distinct advantages of structural and functional versatility by molecular design, solution processability, light weight, and low processing cost. Furthermore, the bottom-up synthetic process of conjugated polymers is considered more environmentally friendly than the mining process for inorganic semiconductors and metals. Driven by these attractions, the field of conjugated polymer-based materials and devices has witnessed impressive developments over the past several decades, leading to the synthesis of an extensive library of π-conjugated polymers and the unraveling of their charge transport physics. These tenacious efforts by chemists, physicists, and materials scientists and engineers have led to significant improvement in electrical properties, with semiconducting polymers breaking the mobility boundary of 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and surpassing thin-film amorphous silicon, and conducting polymers exhibiting conductivity over 10,000 S/cm, which is in the range of inorganic metals. As a result, this class of materials has transformed from a purely scientific curiosity with limited air stability and processability at its inception to a serious contender for use in consumer electronics such as organic photovoltaics (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic field-effect transistors (OFET), supercapacitors, batteries, and a variety of sensors.