Photons and particles emitted from cold atmospheric-pressure plasma inactivate bacteria and biomolecules independently and synergistically
Photons and particles emitted from cold atmospheric-pressure plasma inactivate bacteria and biomolecules independently and synergistically
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2013.0591
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发表时间：
2013-12-06
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Bandow, Julia E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lackmann, Jan-Wilm;Schneider, Simon;Bandow, Julia E.
低温大气压等离子体目前在医学上用作手术工具，并正在评估其新的应用，包括伤口治疗和美容护理。鉴于抗生素耐药性对现代医学的威胁，等离子体的消毒特性特别令人感兴趣。等离子体流出物包括(V)UV光子和各种活性粒子，例如修饰生物分子的加速离子和自由基；然而，对基于等离子体消毒的分子机制的充分理解一直缺乏。在这里，我们研究了等离子体的抗菌机制，包括等离子体产生的(V) UV光子和粒子在细胞和分子水平上的分离、加和协同作用。利用扫描电子显微镜，我们发现等离子体发射的粒子会对细胞包膜造成物理损伤，而紫外线辐射则不会。等离子体流出物的致死效应超出了物理损伤的范围。我们证明了等离子体产生的粒子和(V) UV光子都可以修饰DNA核碱基。这些粒子还会导致DNA主干断裂。等离子体流出物，特别是等离子体产生的颗粒，也能迅速使细胞环境中的蛋白质失活。因此，除了对细胞包膜的物理损伤外，对DNA和蛋白质的修饰有助于低温大气压等离子体的杀菌特性。
Cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas are currently in use in medicine as surgical tools and are being evaluated for new applications, including wound treatment and cosmetic care. The disinfecting properties of plasmas are of particular interest, given the threat of antibiotic resistance to modern medicine. Plasma effluents comprise (V)UV photons and various reactive particles, such as accelerated ions and radicals, that modify biomolecules; however, a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie plasma-based disinfection has been lacking. Here, we investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of plasma, including the separate, additive and synergistic effects of plasma-generated (V) UV photons and particles at the cellular and molecular levels. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show that plasma-emitted particles cause physical damage to the cell envelope, whereas UV radiation does not. The lethal effects of the plasma effluent exceed the zone of physical damage. We demonstrate that both plasma-generated particles and (V) UV photons modify DNA nucleobases. The particles also induce breaks in the DNA backbone. The plasma effluent, and particularly the plasma-generated particles, also rapidly inactivate proteins in the cellular milieu. Thus, in addition to physical damage to the cellular envelope, modifications to DNA and proteins contribute to the bactericidal properties of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma.