GENERATING INDUCTIVE INFERENCES: PREMISE RELATIONS AND PROPERTY EFFECTS
GENERATING INDUCTIVE INFERENCES: PREMISE RELATIONS AND PROPERTY EFFECTS
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DOI：
10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53005-6
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Vasilyeva, Nadya Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Coley, John D.;Vasilyeva, Nadya Y.
分类归纳推理是我们将一个类的特征投射到另一个相关类的过程。传统的研究归纳推理的方法都集中在评估归纳论点。在这一章中，我们将介绍一种新的方法，通过研究人们产生归纳推理的方式。我们专注于如何前提类别之间的关系，以及被投射的属性的性质，影响所产生的推理的种类。参与者被告知，两种动物物种共享一种新的物质，疾病或基因，并被问及其他物种也可能具有这种特性，以及为什么。结果表明，人们参加的前提类别之间的显着关系，确定其相关性的基础上，他们被要求项目的财产，然后产生的推论与这些关系一致。参与者根据分类相似性、上下文相似性和因果关系得出了广泛的推论。推理生成受到显着前提关系和投影属性的性质的约束。我们讨论了这些发现如何扩大归纳模型的挑战清单，质疑分类关系在指导归纳推理中的首要地位，鼓励进一步调查归纳推理产生的过程，并强调人类归纳推理的知识驱动和灵活性。
Categorical inductive inference is the process by which we project features believed to be true of one class to another related class. Traditional approaches to studying inductive inference have focused on the evaluation of inductive arguments. In this chapter, we introduce a new approach by examining the way people generate inductive inferences. We focus on how relations among premise categories, and the nature of the property being projected, impact the kind of inferences generated. Participants were taught that two animal species shared a novel substance, disease, or gene, and were asked what other species might also have the property, and why. Results show that people attend to salient relations between premise categories, determine their relevance based on the property they are asked to project, and then generate inferences consistent with those relations. Participants drew a broad range of inferences based on taxonomic similarity, contextual similarity, and causal relations. Inference generation was constrained both by salient premise relations and the nature of the projected property. We discuss how these findings expand the list of challenges for the models of induction, question the primacy of taxonomic relations in guiding inductive inference, encourage further investigation into the process by which inductive inferences are generated, and emphasize the knowledge-driven and flexible nature of human inductive reasoning.