Formation of dome and basin structures: Results from scaled experiments using non-linear rock analogues
Formation of dome and basin structures: Results from scaled experiments using non-linear rock analogues
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穹顶和盆地结构的形成：使用非线性岩石类似物的规模实验的结果
DOI：
10.1016/j.jsg.2016.07.001
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Zanella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zulauf;Zulauf;Zanella
穹状褶皱和盆状褶皱是具有圆形或略微拉长的露头样式的构造，它们可以在各种构造背景下的单期和多期变形过程中形成。我们使用幂律粘性岩石模拟物来模拟经历位错蠕变的岩石的单相圆顶和盆地褶皱。单一活性层与非活性基质的粘度比为5，两种材料的应力指数均为7。在体压缩条件下，样品经历了平行于层的缩短过程，初始层厚的增加导致圆顶和盆地的数量减少，振幅A、弧长L、波长λ和层厚Hf增加。逐渐变形的样品显示出逐渐发展的圆顶和盆地，直到达到Y =Z= −30%的应变。在穹隆盆地形成过程中，地层永久增厚，而A、L和λ则增加。没有获得主波长。归一化振幅（A/λ）几乎线性增加，达到最大值0.12 ateY=Z= − 30%。在最后一次缩短的增量（eY=Z=-30%至-40%）中，穹丘和盆地没有进一步增长，而是被第二代非圆柱形褶皱覆盖。大多数的几何参数的先前形成的圆顶和盆地表现稳定或减少在这个阶段。穹隆和盆地的归一化弧长（L/Hf）明显高于二维柱状褶皱。因此，标准化弧长可用于识别现场的圆顶和盆地，即使这些结构在3D中没有完全暴露。
Dome and basin folds are structures with circular or slightly elongate outcrop patterns, which can form during single- and polyphase deformation in various tectonic settings. We used power-law viscous rock analogues to simulate single-phase dome-and-basin folding of rocks undergoing dislocation creep. The viscosity ratio between a single competent layer and incompetent matrix was 5, and the stress exponent of both materials was 7. The samples underwent layer-parallel shortening under bulk pure constriction.Increasing initial layer thickness resulted in a decrease in the number of domes and basins and an increase in amplitude,A, arc-length,L, wavelength,λ, and layer thickness,Hf. Samples deformed incrementally show progressive development of domes and basins until a strain ofeY=Z= −30% is attained. During the dome-and-basin formation the layer thickened permanently, whileA,L, andλincreased. A dominant wavelength was not attained. The normalized amplitude (A/λ) increased almost linearly reaching a maximum of 0.12 ateY=Z= −30%. During the last increment of shortening (eY=Z= −30 to −40%) the domes and basins did not further grow, but were overprinted by a second generation of non-cylindrical folds. Most of the geometrical parameters of the previously formed domes and basins behaved stable or decreased during this phase. The normalized arc-length (L/Hf) of domes and basins is significantly higher than that of 2D cylindrical folds. For this reason, the normalized arc length can probably be used to identify domes and basins in the field, even if these structures are not fully exposed in 3D.
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