Developmental Trajectories of the Fronto-Temporal Lobes from Infancy to Early Adulthood in Healthy Individuals
Developmental Trajectories of the Fronto-Temporal Lobes from Infancy to Early Adulthood in Healthy Individuals
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DOI：
10.1159/000345152
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Miyawaki, Toshio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka, Chiaki;Matsui, Mie;Miyawaki, Toshio
健康个体生命早期的大脑发育是快速和动态的，这表明这一时期在神经和功能发育中起着非常重要的作用。众所周知，额叶和颞叶在认知中起着特别重要的作用。因此，研究儿童额叶和颞叶的健康发育具有相当重要的意义。更好地了解这些大脑区域是如何发育的，也有助于诊断和治疗神经发育障碍。一些发育研究已经使用磁共振成像（MRI）来检查婴儿的大脑，但仍然是相对较少的情况下，在生命的最初几年大脑皮层的发育。在本研究中，我们研究了健康个体从婴儿期到成年早期的全脑、颞叶和额叶发育轨迹，考虑了性别和大脑半球的差异。我们对114名健康个体（54名女性和60名男性）进行了横断面纵向形态测量MRI研究，年龄为1个月至25岁（平均年龄+/- SD 8.8 +/- 6.9）。我们测量了全脑，颞叶和额叶灰质（GM）/白色物质（WM）的体积，按照以前使用的协议。在所有区域都有与年龄有关的显著非线性体积变化。全脑、颞叶和额叶发育的高峰年龄出现在青春期前（9-12岁）。所有区域的转基因数量随着年龄的增长而显著增加。然而，高峰年龄是特定的，与模式的高峰年龄较早的女性在颞叶和额叶。全脑GM体积的增长变化在男性比女性大。然而，颞叶和额叶的GM体积增长变化显示出不同的模式。颞叶和额叶的GM体积在女性中表现出更大的增加，直到5-6岁左右，此时这种趋势发生逆转（男性的GM体积变化变得更大），男性GM体积增加的时间比女性更长。各地区的WM体积增长变化相似，在儿童早期之前都迅速增加，但此后放缓。所有区域均显示出显著的脑体积不对称性，与性别无关。此外，右颞叶和额叶在最初几年的体积增加比左颞叶和额叶更大，这种趋势在6岁左右逆转。此外，左额叶和颞叶的体积增加的时间更长。这些研究结果表明，大脑发育轨迹因大脑区域、性别和大脑半球而异。与性别有关的因素，如性激素和功能性偏侧可能会影响大脑发育。版权所有（C）2012 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Brain development during early life in healthy individuals is rapid and dynamic, indicating that this period plays a very important role in neural and functional development. The frontal and temporal lobes are known to play a particularly important role in cognition. The study of healthy frontal and temporal lobe development in children is therefore of considerable importance. A better understanding of how these brain regions develop could also aid in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some developmental studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine infant brains, but it remains the case that relatively little is known about cortical brain development in the first few years of life. In the present study we examined whole brain, temporal lobe and frontal lobe developmental trajectories from infancy to early adulthood in healthy individuals, considering gender and brain hemisphere differences. We performed a cross-sectional, longitudinal morphometric MRI study of 114 healthy individuals (54 females and 60 males) aged 1 month to 25 years old (mean age +/- SD 8.8 +/- 6.9). We measured whole brain, temporal and frontal lobe gray matter (GM)/white matter (WM) volumes, following previously used protocols. There were significant non-linear age-related volume changes in all regions. Peak ages of whole brain, temporal lobe and frontal lobe development occurred around pre-adolescence (9-12 years old). GM volumes for all regions increased significantly as a function of age. Peak age was nevertheless lobe specific, with a pattern of earlier peak ages for females in both temporal and frontal lobes. Growth change in whole brain GM volume was larger in males than in females. However, GM volume growth changes for the temporal and frontal lobes showed a somewhat different pattern. GM volume for both temporal and frontal lobes showed a greater increase in females until around 5-6 years old, at which point this tendency reversed (GM volume changes in males became greater), with male GM volume increasing for a longer time than that of females. WM volume growth changes were similar across regions, all increasing rapidly until early childhood but slowing down thereafter. All regions displayed significant rightward volumetric asymmetry regardless of sex. Furthermore, the right temporal and frontal lobes showed a greater volumetric increase than the left for the first several years, with this tendency reversing at around 6 years of age. In addition, the left frontal and temporal lobes increased in volume for a longer period of time. Taken together, these findings indicated that brain developmental trajectories differ depending on brain region, sex and brain hemisphere. Gender-related factors such as sex hormones and functional laterality may affect brain development. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel