Improvement of Biological Organisms Using Functional Material Shells
Improvement of Biological Organisms Using Functional Material Shells
复制标题
利用功能材料壳改良生物有机体
DOI：
10.1002/adfm.201504480
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发表时间：
2016-03-22
影响因子：
19
通讯作者：
Tang, Ruikang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Zhaoming;Xu, Xurong;Tang, Ruikang
生物矿化是将无机物质带入生物体内的过程，在自然进化中起着重要作用。受生物矿化卵和具有保护壳结构的硅藻的启发，科学家们人工赋予生物功能材料。由此产生的有机体-材料混合体变得更加强大，甚至进化出新的功能。这篇专题文章综述了近年来各种材料壳在生物体改良方面的成果，以及在细胞保护、储存、热稳定性、生物隐身、光合作用和生物催化等方面的相关应用。与以往对生物矿化的理解不同，这些由生物矿化启发的生物改良突出了材料对生物体功能的调节作用，提出了一种利用物质技术的人工进化策略。我们认为，合理设计具有优化功能的生物材料可以为解决能源危机和环境污染等全球性问题，以及改善医疗和复杂材料设计提供启示。更一般地说，基于材料的生物体改良研究可以将生物科学和材料科学联合收割机结合在一起，以实现更紧密的整合。
Biomineralization brings inorganic materials into biological organisms and it plays an important role in natural evolution. Inspired by biomineralized eggs and diatoms with protective shell structures, scientists have artificially endowed organisms with functional materials. The resulting organism–material hybrids become more robust and even evolve new functions. This feature article reviews recent achievements of organism improvements by various material shells and related applications in cell protection, storage, thermal stability, biological stealth, photosynthesis and biocatalysis, etc. Different from the previous understanding of biomineralization, the regulation effects of materials on organism functions are highlighted in these biomineralization‐inspired biological improvements, which present an artificial evolution strategy by using material techniques. We suggest that rationally designed organism–materials with optimized functions can shed light on solving global problems such as energy crisis and environmental pollution, as well as on improving medical treatment and intricate material designing. More generally, the studies of material‐based organism improvement can combine biological and material sciences together for a closer integration.