How do necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine to attract their predators-What's unique and what's in common with apoptotic cells.
How do necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine to attract their predators-What's unique and what's in common with apoptotic cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2023.1170551
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）是质膜的脂质成分。它在活细胞中不对称地分布到内叶。在经历凋亡的细胞中，磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露于外表面。暴露的磷脂酰丝氨酸充当进化上保守的“吃我”信号，吸引后生动物中邻近的吞噬细胞，包括线虫秀丽隐杆线虫、果蝇、果蝇和哺乳动物。在细胞凋亡过程中，磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露于细胞外表面是由膜扰乱酶和翻转酶驱动的，其活性受半胱天冬酶调节。细胞坏死是一种经常与细胞损伤相关的细胞死亡，在形态上与细胞凋亡不同，最初被认为是通过膜破裂被动暴露磷脂酰丝氨酸。后来的研究表明，坏死细胞在发生破裂之前会主动暴露磷脂酰丝氨酸。最近对秀丽隐杆线虫的一项研究进一步报道，钙离子（Ca2+）在促进坏死细胞表面磷脂酰丝氨酸的暴露方面发挥着重要作用。这些发现表明，通过不同分子机制死亡的坏死细胞和凋亡细胞使用共同和独特的机制来促进相同的“吃我”信号的暴露。本文将回顾调节坏死和凋亡细胞表面磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露的机制，并强调它们的异同。
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid component of the plasma membrane. It is asymmetrically distributed to the inner leaflet in live cells. In cells undergoing apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is exposed to the outer surfaces. The exposed phosphatidylserine acts as an evolutionarily conserved “eat-me” signal that attracts neighboring engulfing cells in metazoan organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. During apoptosis, the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer surface of a cell is driven by the membrane scramblases and flippases, the activities of which are regulated by caspases. Cells undergoing necrosis, a kind of cell death frequently associated with cellular injuries and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, were initially believed to allow passive exposure of phosphatidylserine through membrane rupture. Later studies revealed that necrotic cells actively expose phosphatidylserine before any rupture occurs. A recent study in C. elegans further reported that the calcium ion (Ca2+) plays an essential role in promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic cells. These findings indicate that necrotic and apoptotic cells, which die through different molecular mechanisms, use common and unique mechanisms for promoting the exposure of the same “eat me” signal. This article will review the mechanisms regulating the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic and apoptotic cells and highlight their similarities and differences.
ABCA1缺陷型细胞中的经贝贝磷脂运动。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Williamson, Patrick;Halleck, Margaret S.;Malowitz, Jonathan;Ng, Susan;Fan, Xiaoxuan;Krahling, Stephen;Remaley, Alan T.;Schlegel, Robert A.
通讯作者：
Schlegel, Robert A.