Material efficiency: A white paper
Material efficiency: A white paper
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.11.002
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Worrell, Ernst
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allwood, Julian M.;Ashby, Michael F.;Worrell, Ernst
对于用于提供建筑物、基础设施、设备和产品的大多数材料，全球库存仍足以满足预期需求，但材料生产和加工的环境影响，特别是与能源有关的影响，正迅速变得至关重要。通过不断提高现有工艺的效率，这些影响可以在一定程度上得到改善，但预计需求将在未来40年内翻一番，除非减少对材料生产和加工的总需求，否则这将导致总体影响的不可接受的增加。这是材料效率的目标，本文旨在激发人们对该领域的兴趣。本文讨论了通过提高材料效率来减少材料需求的四种主要策略：更持久的产品；模块化和再制造；组件再利用：用更少的材料设计产品。在工业化国家，由于经济、监管和社会障碍，这些战略很少受到重视。然而，来自废物管理和追求能源效率的证据表明，这些障碍是可以克服的，并概述了潜在的改变机制。在汇集了广泛学科对材料效率的见解后，本文提出了一套20个开放性问题，供未来工作使用。(C) 2010 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
For most materials used to provide buildings, infrastructure, equipment and products, global stocks are still sufficient to meet anticipated demand, but the environmental impacts of materials production and processing, particularly those related to energy, are rapidly becoming critical. These impacts can be ameliorated to some extent by the ongoing pursuit of efficiencies within existing processes, but demand is anticipated to double in the next 40 years, and this will lead to an unacceptable increase in overall impacts unless the total requirement for material production and processing is reduced. This is the goal of material efficiency, and this paper aims to stimulate interest in the area. Four major strategies for reducing material demand through material efficiency are discussed: longer-lasting products; modularisation and remanufacturing; component re-use: designing products with less material. In industrialised nations, these strategies have had little attention, because of economic, regulatory and social barriers, which are each examined. However, evidence from waste management and the pursuit of energy efficiency suggests that these barriers might be overcome, and an outline of potential mechanisms for change is given. In bringing together insights into material efficiency from a wide range of disciplines, the paper presents a set of 20 open questions for future work. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.