Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review.
Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review.
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/916198
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kulkarni J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ochoa S;Usall J;Cobo J;Labad X;Kulkarni J
最近的研究已经开始关注精神分裂症和首发精神病的性别差异，试图解释这种疾病的异质性。然而，仍然存在一些不确定因素。本文试图总结精神分裂症和首发精神病发作的性别差异的最重要的发现。一些研究表明，精神分裂症在男性中的发病率较高。大多数研究发现，男性的发病年龄早于女性。关于症状的研究结果不太确定，一些作者认为男性患有更多的阴性症状，而女性则有更多的情感症状。发病前的功能和社会功能似乎是更好的女性比男性。然而，认知功能仍然是一个问题，对男女之间的神经心理特征差异缺乏共识。药物滥用在精神分裂症和首发精神病患者中男性比女性更常见。在病程方面，女性有更好的缓解和更低的复发率。最后，没有证据表明在家庭风险和产科并发症方面存在具体的性别差异。总体而言，在一些变量中发现了性别差异，在这方面的进一步研究有助于提供有用的信息，以改善我们对这些患者的护理。
Recent studies have begun to look at gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis in an attempt to explain the heterogeneity of the illness. However, a number of uncertainties remain. This paper tries to summarize the most important findings in gender differences in schizophrenia and first-psychosis episodes. Several studies indicate that the incidence of schizophrenia is higher in men. Most of the studies found the age of onset to be earlier in men than in women. Findings on symptoms are less conclusive, with some authors suggesting that men suffer more negative symptoms while women have more affective symptoms. Premorbid functioning and social functioning seem to be better in females than males. However, cognitive functioning remains an issue, with lack of consensus on differences in neuropsychological profile between women and men. Substance abuse is more common in men than women with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. In terms of the disease course, women have better remission and lower relapse rates. Lastly, there is no evidence of specific gender differences in familial risk and obstetric complications. Overall, gender differences have been found in a number of variables, and further study in this area could help provide useful information with a view to improving our care of these patients.