Dry and MQL Milling of AISI 1045 Steel with Vegetable and Mineral-Based Fluids
Dry and MQL Milling of AISI 1045 Steel with Vegetable and Mineral-Based Fluids
复制标题
使用植物和矿物基流体对 AISI 1045 钢进行干式微量润滑铣削
DOI：
10.3390/lubricants11040175
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Á. R. Machado
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Baldin;L. D. da Silva;Rahul Davis;M. Jackson;F. Amorim;Celso Ferraz Houck;Á. R. Machado
在机械加工中使用矿物基切削液具有影响环境的缺点，各行业正面临压力，要求减少其使用量，以利于更清洁的生产。在这方面，植物基切削液可能是一种更好的替代方案，只要它们改善了技术结果。在铣削过程中，通常进行干切削，然而，与干切削相比，使用最小润滑量(MQL)方法的切削液的应用被证明是有利的。此外，在市场上有几种切削液的情况下，对它们的单独性能进行测试可以确定它们在特定应用中的潜力和有效性。本研究考察了两种植物基油和一种矿物油在MQL方法下的性能，并与干切削加工AISI1045钢的TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀片进行了比较。选择了切削温度、加工力、功耗、工件表面粗糙度、刀具寿命和刀具磨损机理作为输出参数。实验采用两种切割速度(150和200m/min)和进给速度(0.07和0.14 mm/齿)，以及恒定的轴向和径向深度(25 Mm)。使用焊接在零件上的K型热电偶和红外相机测量温度。用福陆435能量分析仪监测功率，用Kistler测功机监测加工力分量。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨损刀片进行了观察，分析了刀具磨损机理。MQL助切削液的应用显著降低了切削温度，提高了刀具寿命。然而，切削液对加工力、功率消耗或表面粗糙度没有任何显著影响。在分析的所有切削条件中，磨粒磨损机制占主导地位，对刀具的刃口、后刀面和前刀面造成破坏。此外，还观察到了粘着磨损和扩散磨损机制。
The use of mineral-based cutting fluids in machining has the drawback of affecting the environment and industries are under pressures to reduce its use in favor of cleaner productions. In this regard, the vegetal-based cutting fluids can be a superior alternative, provided they improve the technical outcomes. In the milling process, dry cutting is commonly performed, however, the application of cutting fluids using the minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) method has proven advantageous when compared with dry machining. Furthermore, in the midst of the availability of several cutting fluids in the market, the testing of their individual performance can ascertain their potential and effectiveness for a particular application. This study examined the performances of two vegetable-based and one mineral-based oils applied by the MQL method, followed by their comparison with dry cutting amid end milling of AISI 1045 steel with TiAlN-coated cemented carbide inserts. The cutting temperature, machining forces, power consumption, workpiece surface roughness, tool life, and tool wear mechanisms were chosen as the output parameters. The experiments were conducted using two cutting speeds (150 and 200 m/min) and feed rates (0.07 and 0.14 mm/tooth), and constant axial (1 mm) and radial depths of the cut (25 mm). The temperature was measured using a K-type thermocouple soldered to the part and an infrared camera. The power was monitored with a Fluke 435 energy analyzer, and the machining force components with a Kistler dynamometer. The worn inserts were inspected under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the tool wear mechanism. The MQL-assisted application of the cutting fluids notably lowered the cutting temperature and increased the tools’ lives. However, the cutting fluids did not reflect any significant effect on the machining force, power consumption, or surface roughness. Among all the analyzed cutting conditions, the abrasive wear mechanism dominated, damaging the cutting edges, flank, and rake surfaces of the cutting tools. In addition, adhesive and diffusion wear mechanisms were also observed.