Implications of brine channel geometry and surface area for the interaction of sympagic organisms in Arctic sea ice
Implications of brine channel geometry and surface area for the interaction of sympagic organisms in Arctic sea ice
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-0981(99)00111-2
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Spindler, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krembs, C;Gradinger, R;Spindler, M
海冰的物理、化学和空间性质的动态时空变化对栖息在其内部的盐水通道网络中的同生生物群落提出了许多挑战。实验揭示了内表面积和网络结构对海冰内物种组成和分布的影响。通过一种新开发的方法，使用荧光示踪剂测量盐水通道壁的表面。这些测量使我们能够量化不同大小的捕食者，在不同的冰温和不同的冰质地的内表面积。总内表面积范围为0.6至4米（2）公斤（-1）冰和下降，随着冰温度的降低。在-2摄氏度下，可能有6%到41%的区域被微生物覆盖。由于表面减少，从-2到-6摄氏度的冷却大大增加了盐水通道中生物体的覆盖率。盐水通道频率测量与人工盐水网络实验的组合表明，小于或等于200 μ m的盐水通道包括一个空间避难所，微生物群落浓度比其余的通道网络高一到两个数量级。可塑性的捕食者穿越狭窄的通道进行了实验测试的代表性北极symphagic轮虫，Turbellarians，线虫。通过顺应盐水的渗透压，使它们的身体尺寸与冷冻期间盐水通道系统的波动尺寸相匹配。轮虫能穿过几倍于体长和57%体径的狭窄通道。总之，冰的质地，温度，和散装盐度的影响捕食者-猎物的相互作用，通过叠加其结构组件上的动态的symagic食物网。较大的捕食者被排除在盐水通道，这取决于通道网络的架构。然而，极端的身体灵活性允许一些食肉动物穿越盐水通道网络中的结构性僵局。(C)2000 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
Dynamic temporal and spatial changes of physical, chemical and spatial properties of sea ice pose many challenges to the sympagic community which inhabit a network of brine channels in its interior. Experiments were conducted to reveal the influence of the internal surface area and the structure of the network on species composition and distribution within sea ice. The surface of the brine channel walls was measured via a newly developed method using a fluorogenic tracer. These measurements allowed us to quantify the internal surface area accessible for predators of different sizes, at different ice temperatures and in different ice textures. Total internal surface area ranged from 0.6 to 4 m(2) kg(-1) ice and declined with decreasing ice temperature. Potentially, 6 to 41% of the area at -2 degrees C is covered by micro-organisms. Cooling from -2 to -6 degrees C drastically increases the coverage of organisms in brine channels due to a surface reduction. A combination of brine channel frequency measurements with an artificial brine network experiment suggests that brine channels less than or equal to 200 mu m comprise a spatial refuge with microbial community concentrations one to two magnitudes higher than in the remaining channel network. The plasticity of predators to traverse narrow passages was experimentally tested for representative Arctic sympagic rotifers, turbellarians, and nematodes. By conforming to the osmotic pressure of the brine turbellaria match their body dimensions to the fluctuating dimensions of the brine channel system during freezing. Rotifers penetrate very narrow passages several times their body length and 57% their body diameter. In summary, ice texture, temperature, and bulk salinity influence the predatory-prey interactions by superimposing its structural component on the dynamic of the sympagic food web. Larger predators are excluded from brine channels depending on the architecture of the channel network. However, extreme body flexibility allows some predators to traverse structural impasses in the brine channel network. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.