The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases
The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.011
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Gazzaruso, Carmine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pascale, Alessia;Marchesi, Nicoletta;Gazzaruso, Carmine
最近有越来越多的证据表明，微生物群组成的异常可能在肥胖和糖尿病的发展中起主要作用，二甲双胍的某些作用可能由肠道细菌介导。已经发现了几种机制：微生物多样性的减少与炎症、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖有关。特别是，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比率的上升与低度炎症和从食物中获取能量的能力增加有关。有趣的是，高脂肪饮食有利于能够从食物中提取更多能量的细菌的生长。肠道微生物群产生的一些代谢物（如短链脂肪酸（SCFA））的变化以及嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌数量的减少与2型糖尿病的存在有关。在二甲双胍作用于葡萄糖代谢和心血管风险的机制中，其中一些是由于对肠道微生物群的积极影响。由细菌产生的阳性SCFA的转变，包括A.已经描述了由嗜粘蛋白菌介导的对胆汁酸的一些作用和由微生物群介导的对胆汁酸的一些作用。所有这些最新进展都已报道和讨论。
There is a recent growing evidence that abnormalities in the microbiota composition can have a major role in the development of obesity and diabetes and that some actions of metformin may be mediated by gut bacteria. Several mechanisms have been found. A reduced microbial diversity is associated to inflammation, insulin-resistance, and adiposity. In particular, a rise in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is related to a low-grade inflammation and to an increased capability of harvesting energy from food. Interestingly, high-fat-diet favors the growth of bacteria capable of extracting more energy from food. Changes in some metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by gut microbiota, and decreased amounts of the Akkermansia muciniphila are associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes. Among the mechanisms by which metformin acts on glucose metabolism and on the cardiovascular risk, some of them are due to positive effects on gut microbiota. A shift toward positive SCFAs produced by bacteria, an increase in some bacterial strains, including A. muciniphila, and some actions on bile acids mediated by microbiota have been described. All these recent advances have been reported and discussed.