The Heat Island of the Urban Boundary Layer: Characteristics, Causes and Effects
The Heat Island of the Urban Boundary Layer: Characteristics, Causes and Effects
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-3686-2_5
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Oke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Oke
城市热岛（Urban Heat Islands，UHI）的概念。强调了区分不同类型的重要性，并提出了一个简单的分类方案。本文着重讨论了城市屋顶以上边界层中的热岛现象，阐述了白天和夜间城市屋顶以上边界层的观测特征，包括城市屋顶以上边界层热力结构的演变以及城市屋顶以上边界层的昼夜转换。本文讨论了天气控制对UBL的影响，概述了日间和夜间UHIUBL产生的基本物理过程，包括辐射通量散度、地面能量平衡改变引起的地面加热和卷吸引起的地面加热，UHIUBL对城市气流和空气污染扩散的影响是多方面的。给出的例子包括对热湍流、大气稳定性、对流结构、夜间逆温、混合层深度、局部环流系统、烟羽轨迹、城市内部和城市之间的熏蒸、湿度和化学反应速率以及生物排放的影响。
Urban heat islands (UHI) are defined. The importance of distinguishing between different types is stressed and a simple classification scheme is forwarded. Emphasis in this paper is upon the heat island in the urban boundary layer (UBL) above roof-level (the UHIUBL).The observed characteristics of the daytime and nocturnal UHIUBLare illustrated including the evolution of its thermal structure and the transition between the day and night régimes. Effects of weather controls on the UBL are mentioned.The essential physics underlying the genesis of the daytime and nocturnal UHIUBLis outlined including radiative flux divergence, heating from below due to the altered surface energy balance, and heating from above due to entrainment.UHIUBLeffects on urban airflow and air pollution dispersion are numerous. Examples given include effects on thermal turbulence, atmospheric stability, convective structures, nocturnal inversions, mixed layer depth, local circulation systems, plume trajectories, intra- and inter-urban fumigation, humidity and rates of chemical reactions and biogenic emission.