Adaptation to changes in COVID-19 pandemic severity: Across older adulthood and time scales.
Adaptation to changes in COVID-19 pandemic severity: Across older adulthood and time scales.
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适应 COVID-19 大流行严重程度的变化：跨越老年人和时间尺度。
DOI：
10.1037/pag0000739
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Aldwin,CarolynM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Segerstrom,SuzanneC;Crosby,Paris;Witzel,DakotaD;Kurth,MariaL;Choun,Soyoung;Aldwin,CarolynM
据观察，与大流行前的水平相比，COVID-19 大流行会对老年人的心理健康产生负面影响。然而，老年人的应对功效可能因年龄而异，而且人们对流行病严重程度波动的影响知之甚少。两项纵向研究检验了这一假设，即流行病的严重程度会影响心理健康，并会受到年龄的影响。在研究 1 (N= 111) 中，在长达 10 年的时间里，在美国首例 COVID-19 病例前后每半年对老年人（62-96 岁）进行一次评估。在 COVID-19 期间，抑郁症状和压力较高，但认知困难并未增加；大流行的严重程度影响不大。 65 岁老人的估计增幅小于 85 岁老人。在研究 2 (N= 221) 中，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，在长达 8 周的时间内，每周对老年人（51-95 岁）进行评估。全国疫情严重程度越高，认知困难、抑郁症状和压力越大。与研究 1 相反的模式是，65 岁的人的估计增幅大于 85 岁的人。老年人可能最容易受到大流行时代的长期心理影响，如研究 1 所示，但对短期影响更有弹性，如研究 2 所示。与年龄增长相关的应对策略对于更慢性和更严重的问题可能不太有效。相反，相同的应对策略对于较短、不太严重的问题可能更有效。区分对长期和短期流行病压力源的反应可以确定老年期中最具弹性或最脆弱的年龄。
The COVID-19 pandemic has been observed to negatively affect older adults’ psychological health compared with prepandemic levels. However, older adults’ coping efficacy may differ depending on their age, and little is known about effects of fluctuations in pandemic severity. Two longitudinal studies tested the hypothesis that pandemic severity would affect psychological health and be moderated by age. In Study 1 (N= 111), older adults (aged 62–96) were assessed semiannually before and after the first United States COVID-19 case over up to 10 years. Depressive symptoms and stress, but not cognitive difficulties, were higher during COVID-19; pandemic severity had little effect. Estimated increases were smaller for a 65-year-old than for an 85-year-old. In Study 2 (N= 221), older adults (aged 51–95) were assessed weekly over up to 8 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher national pandemic severity was associated with more cognitive difficulties, more depressive symptoms, and more stress. In an opposite pattern from Study 1, estimated increases were larger for a 65-year-old than for an 85-year-old. Old–old adults might be most susceptible to long-term psychological effects of the pandemic era, as in Study 1, but more resilient to short-term effects, as in Study 2. Coping strategies associated with increasing age may be less efficacious for more chronic and severe problems. Conversely, the same coping strategies may be more efficacious for shorter, less severe problems. Differentiating between reactivity to longer term and shorter term pandemic stressors can identify the most resilient or vulnerable ages within older adulthood.