Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: a suite of benchmark tests for dynamical solvers
Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: a suite of benchmark tests for dynamical solvers
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潮汐锁定系外行星的大气环流：动力求解器的一套基准测试
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Phillipps
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Heng;K. Menou;P. Phillipps
太阳系外行星的发现和特征描述的快速发展使得通过三维数值模拟研究其大气层合法化。大气建模的复杂性及其固有的非线性，再加上现有数据数量有限，促使对模型进行相互比较和基准测试。在地球物理界，Held-Suarez测试是一个标准基准，用于比较地球大气层的动态核心模拟与不同的求解器，基于统计平均流量。在本研究中，我们使用地球物理流体动力学实验室（GFDL）普林斯顿柔性建模系统（fms）对潮汐锁定系外行星进行Held-Suarez测试的类似物，通过对光谱和有限差分动力学核心进行一系列测试，包括地球的标准基准，一个假设的潮汐锁定地球，一个“浅”热木星模型和一个HD 209458 b的“深”模型。我们发现定性和定量的协议之间的解决方案为地球，潮汐锁定地球和浅热木星的基准，但协议是不够令人满意的HD 209458 b的深层模型。进一步的研究表明，可以通过任意调整两个求解器中的水平耗散参数的值来获得更接近的协议，但它仍然是这样的情况下，水平耗散的大小是不容易指定的第一原理。无论辐射传输或化学成分的考虑，我们的研究指出，我们的能力的局限性，准确地模拟热木星大气层的气象解算器在10%的温度场和几十个百分点的速度场的水平。因此，直接的风测量应该特别限制模型。我们的基准测试套件还为希望调整代码以研究潮汐锁定的地球/海王星/彗星的大气环流制度的研究人员提供了参考点。
The rapid pace of extrasolar planet discovery and characterization is legitimizing the study of their atmospheres via three-dimensional numerical simulations. The complexity of atmospheric modelling and its inherent non-linearity, together with the limited amount of data available, motivate model intercomparisons and benchmark tests. In the geophysical community, the Held–Suarez test is a standard benchmark for comparing dynamical core simulations of the Earth’s atmosphere with different solvers, based on statistically averaged flow quantities. In the present study, we perform analogues of the Held–Suarez test for tidally locked exoplanets with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Princeton Flexible Modelling System (fms) by subjecting both the spectral and finite difference dynamical cores to a suite of tests, including the standard benchmark for the Earth, a hypothetical tidally locked Earth, a ‘shallow’ hot Jupiter model and a ‘deep’ model of HD 209458b. We find qualitative and quantitative agreement between the solvers for the Earth, tidally locked Earth and shallow hot Jupiter benchmarks, but the agreement is less than satisfactory for the deep model of HD 209458b. Further investigation reveals that closer agreement may be attained by arbitrarily adjusting the values of the horizontal dissipation parameters in the two solvers, but it remains the case that the magnitude of the horizontal dissipation is not easily specified from first principles. Irrespective of radiative transfer or chemical composition considerations, our study points to limitations in our ability to accurately model hot Jupiter atmospheres with meteorological solvers at the level of 10 per cent for the temperature field and several tens of per cent for the velocity field. Direct wind measurements should thus be particularly constraining for the models. Our suite of benchmark tests also provides a reference point for researchers wishing to adapt their codes to study the atmospheric circulation regimes of tidally locked Earths/Neptunes/Jupiters.
初始气流对近地行星大气环流的影响
DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/716/1/144
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
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作者：
Thrastarson H
通讯作者：
Thrastarson H