Cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease: A behavioral evaluation independent of motor slowing
Cognitive slowing in Parkinson's disease: A behavioral evaluation independent of motor slowing
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.22-12-05198.2002
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发表时间：
2002-06-15
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Shibasaki, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sawamoto, N;Honda, M;Shibasaki, H
帕金森病（PD）主要是由于基底神经节中多巴胺的耗尽，但这种耗尽的全部影响尚不清楚。众所周知，PD涉及运动减慢，尽管不容易区分行为的运动和认知成分，但临床观察表明认知处理也可能受到损害。然而，目前还不清楚这种认知参与是否存在，如果存在，在多大程度上。先前对PD认知减慢的研究产生了相互矛盾的结果。这可能是由于实验程序的变化，因为大多数实验使用的反应时间任务，这是不可避免的混淆电机组件。在本研究中，我们评估了无运动迟缓的PD患者的认知处理速度作为变量。我们开发了一个心理操作任务，需要一系列更新的心理表征，以响应一系列的视觉刺激。通过改变视觉呈现的速度和评估性能的准确性，认知处理的速度独立于运动减慢进行评估。当需要更高的认知处理速度（言语比空间）时，PD的认知障碍变得明显。此外，认知减慢和运动减慢显著相关。本研究的结果表明，PD的减缓并不局限于运动领域，但通常可以在其他行为领域观察到，包括认知心理操作。
Parkinson's disease (PD) is attributable primarily to depletion of dopamine in the basal ganglia, but the full effects of this depletion are unknown. It is well known that PD involves motor slowing, and although it is not easy to distinguish between the motor and cognitive components of behavior, clinical observations suggest that cognitive processing may also be compromised. However, it remains unclear whether such cognitive involvement exists, and if so, to what extent. Previous studies of cognitive slowing in PD have yielded conflicting results. This may be attributable to variations in experimental procedures, because most of the experiments used reaction-time tasks, which are inevitably confounded by motor components. In the present study, we evaluated the speed of cognitive processing in patients with PD without bradykinesia as a variable. We developed a mental-operation task that required serial updating of mental representations in response to a series of visual stimuli. By changing the speed of visual presentation and evaluating performance accuracy, the speed of cognitive processing was assessed independently of motor slowing. Cognitive impairment in PD became evident when higher speeds of cognitive processing (verbal more so than spatial) were required. In addition, cognitive slowing and motor slowing were significantly correlated. The results of the present study suggest that slowing in PD is not restricted to the motor domain but can be generally observed in other domains of behavior, including cognitive mental operations.