Size–number trade-off and allocation to flower production in animal-pollinated flowers
Size–number trade-off and allocation to flower production in animal-pollinated flowers
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动物授粉花卉中花卉生产的大小-数量权衡和分配
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
S. Sakai
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作者：
S. Sakai
从理论上分析了花的吸引结构的进化稳定大小，以研究花的吸引结构大小的差异取决于性别和自花受精率的选择因素。在第一个分析中，假设花的大小-数量权衡是非线性的（单个花的大小的增加不如在花的数量减少的线性权衡中那样迅速，如在线性权衡期间将发生的那样）并且每朵花的授粉者访问的频率取决于单个花的吸引结构的大小，但与植物上花的数量无关。在这种情况下，雌雄异株植物中雄花的吸引结构的尺寸大于雌花，并且这种尺寸随着两性植物自花受精率的增加而减小（两者都与观察到的一般趋势一致）。在第二个分析中，假设花的大小-数量权衡是线性的，并且每朵花的传粉者访问频率不仅取决于单个花的吸引结构的大小，而且还取决于植物上的花的数量。然而，在这种情况下，结果是不一致的一般趋势，即，有吸引力的结构的大小是在雄花比雌花雌雄异株植物，这种大小增加，增加自花受精率的两性植物。因此，我的结论是，花的大小-数量权衡的非线性是一个更有用的因素，用来解释花的有吸引力的结构的大小的一般趋势。这也表明，吸引功能假说，即通过分配到有吸引力的结构之间的男性和女性之间的差异，以及不同的自花受精率的植物，健身收益，是重要的因素，但单独不能解释的一般趋势。
The evolutionarily stable size of attractive structures of a flower was analyzed theoretically to examine the factors that select for the differences in the size of attractive structures of a flower depending on the sexuality and self-fertilization rate. In the first analysis, it was assumed that the size–number trade-off for flowers is non-linear (the size of individual flowers increases less rapidly than in a linear trade-off with a decrease in the number of flowers, as would occur during a linear trade-off) and the frequency of pollinator visits per flower depends on the size of attractive structures of individual flowers, but is independent of the number of flowers on the plant. In this case the size of attractive structures is larger in male flowers than in female flowers in dioecious plants, and this size decreases with an increase in the self-fertilization rate for hermaphroditic plants (where both are consistent with the general trends observed). In the second analysis, it was assumed that the size–number trade-off for flowers is linear and the frequency of pollinator visits per flower depends not only on the size of attractive structures of individual flowers, but also on the number of flowers on the plant. However, the results were inconsistent with the general trends in this case; namely, that the size of the attractive structures is smaller in male flowers than in female flowers in dioecious plants, and this size increases with an increase in self-fertilization rate for hermaphroditic plants. I therefore conclude that the non-linearity in size–number trade-offs for flowers is a more useful factor to use to explain the general trends in the size of attractive structures of a flower. This also suggests that the attractive function hypothesis, that is, the differences in fitness gains through allocation to attractive structures between males and females and among plants with different self-fertilization rates, are important factors, but alone cannot explain the general trends.