CONSEQUENCES OF PREJUDICE AGAINST NULL HYPOTHESIS
CONSEQUENCES OF PREJUDICE AGAINST NULL HYPOTHESIS
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DOI：
10.1037/h0076157
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
GREENWALD, AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GREENWALD, AG
通过（a）一个旨在刺激研究-出版过程的数学模型和（B）已发表的心理学研究中对零假设的明显错误拒绝的案例研究，检查了偏见对接受零假设的后果。该模型的输入参数表征了研究者选择零假设为真的问题的概率，以及当数据拒绝或不拒绝零假设时报告、跟进或放弃研究的概率，它们还表征了编辑发表支持或反对零假设的手稿的概率。通过对75名社会心理学家的问卷调查，对输入参数进行估计，模型的输出表明研究出版系统功能失调。特别是，该模型表明，可能有相对较少的出版物的问题，零假设是（至少在合理的近似值）真实的，其中，很高的比例将错误地拒绝零假设。案例研究进一步支持了这一结论。研究传统和习惯对接受零假设的歧视可能对研究进展非常不利。(44参考）（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Examined the consequences of prejudice against accepting the null hypothesis through (a) a mathematical model intended to stimulate the research-publication process and (b) case studies of apparent erroneous rejections of the null hypothesis in published psychological research. The input parameters for the model characterize investigators' probabilities of selecting a problem for which the null hypothesis is true, of reporting, following up on, or abandoning research when data do or do not reject the null hypothesis, and they characterize editors' probabilities of publishing manuscripts concluding in favor of or against the null hypothesis. With estimates of the input parameters based on a questionnaire survey of 75 social psychologists, the model output indicates a dysfunctional research-publication system. Particularly, the model indicates that there may be relatively few publications on problems for which the null hypothesis is (at least to a reasonable approximation) true, and of these, a high proportion will erroneously reject the null hypothesis. The case studies provide additional support for this conclusion. It is concluded that research traditions and customs of discrimination against accepting the null hypothesis may be very detrimental to research progress.(44 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)