Verbal, visual, and voice identification of a rape suspect under different levels of illumination.
Verbal, visual, and voice identification of a rape suspect under different levels of illumination.
复制标题
在不同光照水平下对强奸嫌疑人进行口头、视觉和声音识别。
DOI：
10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.363
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Yarmey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Yarmey
64名男本科生和女本科生观看了一段幻灯片和语音磁带，展示了一名男性袭击者在四种模拟光照条件之一下对女性受害者进行的性侵犯和暗示强奸：白天、黄昏开始、黄昏结束和夜视。测试内容包括：自由回忆和对自我准确性和完整性的判断、线索回忆和回忆的确定性、视觉辨认、声音辨认和辨认操作的主观自信。测试了美国最高法院(Neil v.Biggers，1972)阐明的确定目击证人准确性的一般指导方针中的三项。支持原则1，即“证人有机会在犯罪发生时看到罪犯”。然而，作为目击证人准确性的重要预测指标，原则3“证人先前对罪犯描述的准确性”或原则4“证人在对峙时所表现出的确凿程度”几乎没有得到支持。这项研究表明，随着视觉观察条件的质量下降，受试者没有为语音识别分配更多的注意力和记忆。男性和女性之间几乎没有可靠的记忆差异，尽管男性在线索回忆中表现出更大的确定性。
Sixty-four male and 64 female undergraduate students observed a slide and voice tape presentation of a sexual assault and implied rape of a female victim by a male assailant under one of four simulated illumination conditions: daylight, start of twilight, end of twilight, and night vision. Subjects were tested for: free recall and judgments of self-accuracy and completeness, cued-recall and certainty of recall, visual identification, voice identification, and subjective confidence in identification performance. Three of the general guidelines articulated by the US Supreme Court (Neil v. Biggers, 1972) for the determination of eyewitness accuracy were tested. Support was found for Principle 1 ie,“the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime.” However, little support was found for either Principle 3,“the accuracy of the witness’ prior description of the criminal,” or Principle 4,“the level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the time of confrontation” as important predictors of eyewitness accuracy. This study showed that subjects do not allocate greater attention and memory for voice identification as the quality of visual observation conditions decline. Few reliable memory differences between males and females were found, although males indicated greater certainty in cued recall.