Constant Versus Fluctuating Temperatures in the Interactions Between Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Its Larval Parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Constant Versus Fluctuating Temperatures in the Interactions Between Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Its Larval Parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
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DOI：
10.1603/en12156
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Dosdall, Lloyd M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bahar, M. D. H.;Soroka, Juliana J.;Dosdall, Lloyd M.
进行了实验室研究以确定恒定温度（7、22和30摄氏度）和相应的波动温度（0-14、15-29和23-37摄氏度）对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella（L.）和其北美寄生蜂岛弯尾姬蜂Diadegma insulare（Hellen）。在不同的温度条件下，将寄生的三龄小菜蛾幼虫饲养在单独的热梯度细胞中，直至成虫死亡。幼虫死亡率，寄生成功，蛹死亡率，幼虫和蛹的发育时间，成虫寿命，蛹和成虫干重进行了记录。总体上小菜蛾幼虫死亡率较低。蛹期死亡率为100%。insulare随着温度的升高而增加;然而，小菜蛾没有表现出这样的反应。最大的寄生成功率（67%）被发现在恒定和波动22摄氏度和波动7摄氏度，和最低的（30%）波动30摄氏度。较长的发育时间和更大的蛹体质量发生在较低的温度为两种昆虫。两种昆虫的大多数参数的恒定和波动的温度制度之间发生显着差异。波动与恒定的温度相比，导致较短的发展时间，相似的身体质量，和较高的成年寿命的昆虫在最佳和较低的温度范围。这两种昆虫都经历了0摄氏度的波动7摄氏度（0-14摄氏度）和生存。这些结果具有重要的意义外推温度对昆虫在恒温实验室研究的影响。通过比较寄生蜂的成功寄生能力、蛹的存活率和寄主与拟寄生蜂的体质量，得出了寄生蜂的寄生能力强于拟寄生蜂。在较低温度下，insulare是一种更有效的寄生蜂。
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of constant temperatures (7, 22, and 30 degrees C) and corresponding fluctuating temperatures (0-14, 15-29, and 23-37 degrees C) on the development of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), and its North American parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Hellen). Parasitized third-instar diamondback moth larvae were reared until adult mortality in individual thermal gradient cells at different temperature regimes. Larval mortality, parasitism success, pupal mortality, larval and pupal developmental time, adult longevity, and pupal and adult dry weight were recorded. Overall diamondback moth larval mortality was low. The pupal mortality of D. insulare increased with increasing temperature; however, diamondback moth did not show such a response. Greatest parasitism success (67%) was found at constant and fluctuating 22 degrees C and fluctuating 7 degrees C, and the lowest (30%) at fluctuating 30 degrees C. Longer development times and greater pupal body masses occurred at lower temperatures for both insects. Significant differences occurred between constant and fluctuating temperature regimes for most parameters of both insects. Fluctuating compared with constant temperatures caused shorter development times, similar body mass, and higher adult longevity for both insects at optimal and lower temperature ranges. Both insects experienced 0 degrees C at fluctuating 7 degrees C (0-14 degrees C) and survived. These results have important implications for extrapolating temperature effects on insects in laboratory studies with constant temperatures. Comparing successful parasitism capacity of the wasp and pupal survival and body mass of both host and parasitoid, we conclude that D. insulare is a more effective parasitoid at lower temperatures.