Assessing vaccination coverage, timeliness, and its temporal variations among children in a rural area in China
Assessing vaccination coverage, timeliness, and its temporal variations among children in a rural area in China
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评估中国农村地区儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率、及时性及其时间变化
DOI：
10.1080/21645515.2020.1772620
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发表时间：
2020-07-04
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Yu, Hongjie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Yangni;Liu, Yang;Yu, Hongjie
中国在扩大免疫规划（EPI）下已实现1-2岁儿童的高疫苗接种覆盖率。然而，对于 2 岁以上儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率和及时性方面存在知识差距。因此，本研究旨在估计中国农村地区所有 EPI 疫苗和选定的非 EPI 疫苗的覆盖率和及时性。 2003年9月至2015年11月出生的5091名儿童的免疫数据来自血清监测随访期间获得的疫苗接种卡和/或湖南省免疫信息系统。对于 EPI 和非 EPI 疫苗的每一剂，计算了疫苗接种覆盖率和及时性，并检查了出生队列中的时间变化。我们发现 EPI 疫苗的覆盖率计划为 12 个月，最多 35.4% 的儿童按计划接种疫苗。尽管如此，我们发现疫苗接种覆盖率呈上升趋势，并且 EPI 疫苗的及时性有所改善。然而，对于非 EPI 疫苗，我们发现疫苗接种覆盖率仅适度增加，并且在某些情况下有所下降。这项研究展示了中国免疫规划的成功和改进，但也凸显了一些需要解决的挑战。我们建议，疫苗实践和政策的未来变化应主要侧重于提高 2008 年之后推出和/或计划接种时间 >= 12 个月的疫苗的覆盖范围和及时性。
China has achieved high vaccination coverage under the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in children 1-2 years of age. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding vaccination coverage and timeliness for children >2 years of age. As such, this study aimed to estimate coverage and timeliness for all EPI and selected non-EPI vaccines within a rural area of China. Immunization data for 5091 children, born between September 2003 and November 2015, were collected from vaccination cards obtained during sero-surveillance follow-up visits and/or from the Hunan immunization information system. For each dose of both EPI and non-EPI vaccines, vaccination coverage and timeliness were calculated, and temporal variations were examined across birth cohorts. We found coverage for EPI vaccines scheduled for = 12 months, with a maximum of 35.4% of children vaccinated according to schedule. Despite this, we found increasing trends in vaccination coverage and improvements in timeliness for EPI vaccines. However, for non-EPI vaccines, we found only moderate increases, and in some cases decreases, in vaccination coverage. This study demonstrates the success and improvement of the Chinese immunization program, but also highlights some challenges to be addressed. We recommend that future changes in vaccine practice and policy should primarily focus on improving coverage and timeliness of vaccines introduced after 2008, and/or scheduled for administration >= 12 months.