Regional, disease specific patterns of smoking-attributable mortality in 2000
Regional, disease specific patterns of smoking-attributable mortality in 2000
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2003.005215
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lopez, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ezzati, M;Lopez, AD
背景资料：吸烟与几种疾病的死亡率增加有因果关系，在过去几十年中，吸烟在许多发展中国家大大增加。归因于吸烟的死亡率在2000年估计为成年男性和女性，包括估计年龄和特定疾病在14个流行病学subregionsoftheWorld.Methods：肺癌死亡率被用作吸烟的累积危害的间接标志。不吸烟者肺癌死亡率是根据家庭使用煤炭和通风不良来估计的。对肺癌、上呼吸道消化道癌症、所有其他癌症、慢性阻塞性肺病、其他呼吸道疾病、心血管疾病和选定的其他医学原因造成的死亡率进行了估计。估计仅限于年龄30岁及以上。结果：在2000年，估计483万过早死亡的世界是由于吸烟，241万在发展中国家和243万在工业化国家。有384万男性和100万女性死于吸烟。2.69 30 - 69岁年龄段的吸烟死亡人数为100万人，70岁及以上年龄段的吸烟死亡人数为214万人。在工业化地区，吸烟导致的主要死亡原因是心血管疾病（102万人死亡）、肺癌（52万人死亡）和慢性阻塞性肺病（31万人死亡），在发展中国家，心血管疾病（67万人死亡）、慢性阻塞性肺病（65万人死亡）和肺癌（33万人死亡）。男性和女性的死亡和年轻人和老年人的死亡，以及各种疾病的总吸烟归因于死亡的份额表现出很大的区域间异质性，特别是在发展中世界，结论：吸烟是2000年全球死亡率的一个重要原因，影响了大量的疾病。吸烟导致死亡的年龄、性别和疾病模式在各区域之间差异很大，这是由于历史和当前的吸烟模式，以及影响特定疾病背景死亡率的其他风险因素的存在。
Background: Smoking has been causally associated with increased mortality from several diseases, and has increased considerably in many developing countries in the past few decades. Mortality attributable to smoking in the year 2000 was estimated for adult males and females, including estimates by age and for specific diseases in 14 epidemiological subregions of the world.Methods: Lung cancer mortality was used as an indirect marker of the accumulated hazard of smoking. Never-smoker lung cancer mortality was estimated based on the household use of coal with poor ventilation. Estimates of mortality caused by smoking were made for lung cancer, upper aerodigestive cancer, all other cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), other respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and selected other medical causes. Estimates were limited to ages 30 years and above.Results: In 2000, an estimated 4.83 million premature deaths in the world were attributable to smoking, 2.41 million in developing countries and 2.43 million in industrialised countries. There were 3.84 million male deaths and 1.00 million female deaths attributable to smoking. 2.69 million smoking attributable deaths were between the ages of 30 - 69 years, and 2.14 million were 70 years of age and above. The leading causes of death from smoking in industrialised regions were cardiovascular diseases ( 1.02 million deaths), lung cancer (0.52 million deaths), and COPD (0.31 million deaths), and in the developing world cardiovascular diseases (0.67 million deaths), COPD (0.65 million deaths), and lung cancer (0.33 million deaths). The share of male and female deaths and younger and older adult deaths, and of various diseases in total smoking attributable deaths exhibited large inter-regional heterogeneity, especially in the developing world.Conclusions: Smoking was an important cause of global mortality in 2000, affecting a large number of diseases. Age, sex, and disease patterns of smoking-caused mortality varied greatly across regions, due to both historical and current smoking patterns, and the presence of other risk factors that affect background mortality from specific diseases.