TLR4 signalling in pulmonary stromal cells is critical for inflammation and immunity in the airways.
TLR4 signalling in pulmonary stromal cells is critical for inflammation and immunity in the airways.
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DOI：
10.1186/1465-9921-12-125
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发表时间：
2011-09-24
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Hammad H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perros F;Lambrecht BN;Hammad H
气道炎症通常与危及生命的革兰氏阴性菌感染或生物气溶胶中存在内毒素有关，仍然是严重气道疾病的主要原因。此外，吸入内毒素可能在哮喘气道炎症的发生和进展中发挥重要作用。吸入内毒素引起的病理变化包括支气管痉挛、气流阻塞、炎症细胞募集、肺泡上皮损伤以及肺毛细血管完整性破坏，导致肺泡腔内富含蛋白质的液体渗漏。哺乳动物 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 是宿主先天防御中重要的信号传导受体。在这些受体中，TLR4在内毒素反应中发挥着关键作用。肺是一个复杂的区室器官，具有独立的屏障，即肺泡毛细血管屏障、微血管内皮和肺泡上皮。肺免疫学领域的一个新兴主题是，气道结构细胞（SC），如上皮细胞（EC）、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞和其他基质细胞产生激活细胞因子，决定肺免疫反应的数量和质量。本综述重点关注 TLR4 在肺 SC 的先天性和适应性免疫功能中的作用。
Inflammation of the airways, which is often associated with life-threatening infection by Gram-negative bacteria or presence of endotoxin in the bioaerosol, is still a major cause of severe airway diseases. Moreover, inhaled endotoxin may play an important role in the development and progression of airway inflammation in asthma. Pathologic changes induced by endotoxin inhalation include bronchospasm, airflow obstruction, recruitment of inflammatory cells, injury of the alveolar epithelium, and disruption of pulmonary capillary integrity leading to protein rich fluid leak in the alveolar space. Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important signalling receptors in innate host defense. Among these receptors, TLR4 plays a critical role in the response to endotoxin. Lungs are a complex compartmentalized organ with separate barriers, namely the alveolar-capillary barrier, the microvascular endothelium, and the alveolar epithelium. An emerging theme in the field of lung immunology is that structural cells (SCs) of the airways such as epithelial cells (ECs), endothelial cells, fibroblasts and other stromal cells produce activating cytokines that determine the quantity and quality of the lung immune response. This review focuses on the role of TLR4 in the innate and adaptive immune functions of the pulmonary SCs.
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