Are changes in sensory disability, reaction time, and grip strength associated with changes in memory and crystallized intelligence? A longitudinal analysis in an elderly community sample
Are changes in sensory disability, reaction time, and grip strength associated with changes in memory and crystallized intelligence? A longitudinal analysis in an elderly community sample
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DOI：
10.1159/000022172
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Rodgers, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christensen, H;Korten, AE;Rodgers, B
背景：人们对老年人认知变化的预测因素知之甚少。在横断面研究中，感觉障碍、握力和处理速度已被确定为与认知表现相关的因素。然而，尚不清楚这些预测变量的变化是否与认知功能的变化相关。目标：（I）检查三个预测变量的初始水平（处理速度、感觉障碍和握力）与记忆和结晶智力（CIQ）变化之间的关系； (2) 检查握力、认知速度和感觉障碍的变化与记忆力和 CIO 的变化之间的关系，以及 (3) 在统计上消除年龄和性别影响的情况下调查这些关系。方法：认知能力在两个领域进行评估：CIQ（3 次测试）和记忆力（3 次测试），在一个大型社区样本中大约相隔几年和一年两次进行测量（n = 425；平均年龄 = 75.8，范围 70-93 岁）。使用重复测量方差分析来分析描述性数据。潜在变化模型用于检查构造之间的结构关系。结果：反应时间或握力的初始水平并不能预测记忆任务的变化率。握力、速度和记忆力的变化具有适度的相关性，表明这些变量随着时间的推移有一些共同变化的趋势。感觉障碍与年龄相关，但与速度、抓力、记忆力或 CIO 的变化无关。在调整年龄和性别后，这些关系在所研究的年龄范围内保持不变。结论：这些发现与速度、握力和记忆力变化的常见因果机制的作用是一致的。我们的分析中出现了一些方法论上的警告。横截面和纵向数据集对认知表现的基本组成部分产生了不同的解释。版权所有 (C) 2000 S. Karger AG。巴塞尔。
Background: Little is known about predictors of cognitive changes in the elderly. Sensory disability, grip strength, and speed of processing have been established as associates of cognitive performance in cross-sectional studies. However, it is not known whether changes in these predictor variables are associated with changes in cognitive functioning. Objectives: (I)to examine the relationship between initial level of three predictor variables speed of processing, sensory disability, and grip strength - and changes in memory and crystallized intelligence (CIQ); (2) to examine the relationships between change in grip strength, cognitive speed, and sensory disability and changes in memory and CIO, and (3) to investigate these relationships with the effects of age and sex statistically removed. Methods: Cognitive ability was assessed in two domains: CIQ (3 tests) and memory (3 tests) measured on two occasions approximately ree a nd a ha If yea rs apart in a large community sam pie (n = 425; mean age = 75.8, range 70-93 years). Repeated-measures Anova was used to analyze descriptive data. Latent-change models were used to examine structural relationships between constructs. Results: Initial levels of reaction time or grip strength did not predict rate of change on memory tasks. Changes in grip strength, speed, and memory correlated moderately, suggesting that these variables have some tendency to move together over time. Sensory disability correlated with age but not with change in speed, grip, memory, or CIO. These relationships held across the age range studied after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusions: The findings are consistent with the action of a common causal mechanism underlying changes in speed, grip, and memory. A number of methodological caveats arise from our analysis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets yield different interpretations about the basic component associates of cognitive performance. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG. Basel.