Fertility decline, girls' well-being, and gender gaps in children's well-being in poor countries.
Fertility decline, girls' well-being, and gender gaps in children's well-being in poor countries.
复制标题
贫穷国家的生育率下降、女童福祉以及儿童福祉方面的性别差距。
DOI：
10.1007/s13524-014-0282-0
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lavilla,Kayla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yount,KathrynM;Zureick-Brown,Sarah;Halim,Nafisa;Lavilla,Kayla
最近较贫穷国家生育率急剧下降对女孩和男孩福祉的影响研究不足。在67-75个较贫穷国家的小组中，使用1985-2008年的152-185项人口与健康调查，我们研究了总生育率下降和妇女首次生育年龄中位数的增加如何与女孩福祉的变化和儿童福祉的性别差距有关，反映在他们的生存，营养和获得预防性医疗保健方面。在调整后的随机效应模型中，这些生育率的变化与1-4岁女孩的生存率、12-23个月的疫苗接种率和0-36个月的营养（对于女性以后的首次生育）有关。总生育率下降与男孩和女孩在疫苗接种覆盖率方面的类似收益有关，但加剧了1-4岁死亡率和0-36个月营养不良的性别差距，特别是在更喜欢儿子的人群中。后来，妇女生育第一胎的平均年龄的增加反映了更公平的性别规范，这与这些差距的缩小有关。在生育率较高的社会，通过计划生育方案促进对儿童的公平投资是必要的。
The influences of recent dramatic declines in fertility on girls’ and boys’ well-being in poorer countries are understudied. In panels of 67–75 poorer countries, using 152–185 Demographic and Health Surveys spanning 1985–2008, we examined how declining total fertility and women’s increasing median age at first birth were associated with changes in girls’ well-being and gender gaps in children’s well-being, as reflected in their survival, nutrition, and access to preventive healthcare. In adjusted random-effects models, these changes in fertility were associated with gains in girls’ survival at ages 1–4 years, vaccination coverage at ages 12–23 months, and nutrition at 0–36 months (for women’s later first childbearing). Declining total fertility was associated with similar gains for boys and girls with respect to vaccination coverage but intensified gender gaps in mortality at ages 1–4 years and malnutrition at ages 0–36 months, especially in higher-son-preference populations. Later increases in women’s median age at first birth—reflecting more equitable gender norms—were associated with declines in these gaps. Promoting equitable investments in children through family planning programs in higher-fertility societies is warranted.