The BioGeo Ecotile: Improving biodiversity on coastal defences using a multiscale, multispecies eco-engineering design
The BioGeo Ecotile: Improving biodiversity on coastal defences using a multiscale, multispecies eco-engineering design
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BioGeo Ecotile：利用多尺度、多物种生态工程设计改善海岸防御的生物多样性
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106881
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kosová E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kosová E
坚硬的海岸防御支持的生物多样性低于天然岩石海岸。海岸结构的生态增强可以通过增加生境异质性来改善生物多样性。大多数研究只调查了一种类型的纹理对潮间带生物多样性的影响。缺乏模仿自然岩石海岸的复杂性并且可扩展用于真实的世界应用和商业制造的生态工程设计。为了解决这些差距，我们开发了一种新型、多尺度（毫米-厘米）、多物种设计，称为BioGeo Ecotile，该设计可扩展且易于制造。混合设计结合了以前测试的生态工程特征（坑，洞，槽和裂缝），为一系列潮间带生物提供栖息地。为了测试设计的成功，生态瓦和光滑的瓷砖被部署在苏格兰爱丁堡沿着的岩石装甲和防洪墙上。部署后，在第二个定居季节开始和结束时收集了物种存在和丰度的数据。纹理生态瓦支持更高的物种丰富度（F3，55= 21.18，p < 0.001）和殖民比光滑瓷砖和相邻的岩石盔甲。生态位片支持更多的移动的物种，其中一些（螃蟹）没有记录在其他治疗。材料类型（混凝土与岩石）显着影响社区的组成，混凝土占主导地位的岩藻和岩石的藤壶。在这种温带环境中，生态瓦增强了岩石装甲的生物多样性，实现了实际的保护目标。这是英国第一个已知的将瓷砖改造到岩石装甲上的方法。瓷砖可以按比例扩大到整个墙壁或岩石装甲单位。我们证明了科学设计方法可以同时实现生态和工程目标，这可以加速生态工程在大型项目中的广泛实施。
Hard coastal defences support lower biodiversity than natural rocky shores. Ecological enhancement on coastal structures can improve biodiversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity. Most studies have investigated the effect of only one type of texture on intertidal biodiversity. There is a lack of eco-engineering designs that mimic the complexity of natural rocky shores and are scalable for real world applications and commercial manufacturing. To address these gaps, we developed a novel, multiscale (mm-cm), multispecies design called BioGeo Ecotile that is scalable and readily manufacturable. The hybrid design combines previously tested eco-engineering features (pits, holes, grooves and crevices), providing habitats for a range of intertidal organisms. To test the success of the design, Ecotiles and smooth tiles were deployed on rock armour and flood walls along Edinburgh's coast, Scotland. Post-deployment, data on species presence and abundance were collected at the start and end of the second settlement season. Textured Ecotiles supported higher species richness (F3,55= 21.18,p< 0.001) and colonisation than smooth tiles and adjacent rock armour. Ecotiles supported more mobile species, some of which (crabs) were not recorded on the other treatments. Material type (concrete vs rock) significantly affected community composition, where concrete was dominated by fucoids and rock by barnacles. In this temperate setting, the Ecotiles have enhanced biodiversity of rock armour achieving practical conservation goals. This is the first known retrofit of tiles onto rock armour in the UK. The tiles can be scaled up to whole walls or rock armour units. We demonstrate that a science-design approach can achieve ecological and engineering goals simultaneously, which can accelerate widespread implementation of eco-engineering in large-scale projects.
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