Modeling Residential Water Consumption in Amman: The Role of Intermittency, Storage, and Pricing for Piped and Tanker Water
Modeling Residential Water Consumption in Amman: The Role of Intermittency, Storage, and Pricing for Piped and Tanker Water
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DOI：
10.3390/w7073643
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Klauer, Bernd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klassert, Christian;Sigel, Katja;Klauer, Bernd
约旦面临着高度缺水的典型组合，人均水资源可用量约为每年150 m（3），远低于绝对缺水阈值500 m（3），人口增长强劲，特别是由于叙利亚难民危机。要向更可持续的水消费模式过渡，约旦水务当局今后可能需要更加依赖水需求管理。我们进行了一个案例研究的定价政策的影响，在约旦首都安曼的家庭用水量，以分析需求侧的政策所施加的负担在整个社会的分布基于代理的模型。安曼的家庭面临着断断续续的自来水供应，导致他们从储水罐和非正规的私人油轮运营商那里补充水。利用安曼供水持续时间分布的详细数据集，我们的模型可以得出对额外油轮水的需求。我们发现，将这些不同的供应源整合到我们的模型中会导致需求侧政策在不同地区和收入群体中产生强烈的异质性影响。这突出表明，必须对水政策的影响采取分类的观点，以查明并尽可能减轻过重的负担。
Jordan faces an archetypal combination of high water scarcity, with a per capita water availability of around 150 m(3) per year significantly below the absolute scarcity threshold of 500 m(3), and strong population growth, especially due to the Syrian refugee crisis. A transition to more sustainable water consumption patterns will likely require Jordan's water authorities to rely more strongly on water demand management in the future. We conduct a case study of the effects of pricing policies, using an agent-based model of household water consumption in Jordan's capital Amman, in order to analyze the distribution of burdens imposed by demand-side policies across society. Amman's households face highly intermittent piped water supply, leading them to supplement it with water from storage tanks and informal private tanker operators. Using a detailed data set of the distribution of supply durations across Amman, our model can derive the demand for additional tanker water. We find that integrating these different supply sources into our model causes demand-side policies to have strongly heterogeneous effects across districts and income groups. This highlights the importance of a disaggregated perspective on water policy impacts in order to identify and potentially mitigate excessive burdens.