The NEET and Hikikomori spectrum: Assessing the risks and consequences of becoming culturally marginalized.
The NEET and Hikikomori spectrum: Assessing the risks and consequences of becoming culturally marginalized.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01117
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Norasakkunkit V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uchida Y;Norasakkunkit V
在日本，由于经济停滞和在后工业经济中提高全球竞争力的压力，越来越多的年轻人在社会和经济上被边缘化。NEET/Hikikomori（职业/社会退缩）现象近年来引起了全球的关注。虽然NEET和Hikikomori的行为症状可以区分，但在心理特征上可以找到一些共同点。具体来说，我们认为NEET和Hikikomori都表现出偏离主流文化态度，价值观和行为的心理倾向，NEET和Hikikomori之间的差异主要是程度问题。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个NEET-Hikikikomori风险因素（NHR）量表，该量表不将NEET/Hikikikomori视为一组不同的诊断，而是将其视为与社会边缘化风险相关的一系列心理倾向。基于这一想法，我们在NHR谱量表中确定了三个相关的风险因素：（1）飞特生活方式偏好，在日本指的是尽管有工作机会，但有意识地选择不工作的倾向，（2）缺乏自我能力，（3）对未来的野心不明确（研究1）。研究2通过考察不同职业群体之间的NHR差异，调查并证实了量表的有效性。结果表明，NHR与社会边缘化群体中常见的心理倾向有关。这些心理倾向和实际上成为跨文化边缘化之间的关系进行了讨论。
An increasing number of young people are becoming socially and economically marginalized in Japan under economic stagnation and pressures to be more globally competitive in a post-industrial economy. The phenomena of NEET/Hikikomori (occupational/social withdrawal) have attracted global attention in recent years. Though the behavioral symptoms of NEET and Hikikomori can be differentiated, some commonalities in psychological features can be found. Specifically, we believe that both NEET and Hikikomori show psychological tendencies that deviate from those governed by mainstream cultural attitudes, values, and behaviors, with the difference between NEET and Hikikomori being largely a matter of degree. In this study, we developed a NEET-Hikikomori Risk Factors (NHR) scale that treats NEET/Hikikomori not as a set of distinct diagnoses, but as a spectrum of psychological tendencies associated with the risk of being marginalized in society. Based on this idea, we identified three related risk factors in our NHR spectrum scale: (1) Freeter lifestyle preference, which in Japan refers to the tendency to consciously choose to not work despite job availabilities, (2) a lack of self-competence, and (3) having unclear ambitions for the future (Study 1). Study 2 investigated and confirmed the validity of the scale by examining NHR differences between occupational groups. The results suggested that NHR is related to psychological tendencies common in the marginalized segments of society. The relationship between these psychological tendencies and actually becoming marginalized across cultures is discussed.