Resistance to Fipronil in the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Resistance to Fipronil in the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
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DOI：
10.1093/jme/tjab040
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发表时间：
2021-04-02
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Schal, Coby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gonzalez-Morales, Maria A.;DeVries, Zachary;Schal, Coby
Cimex lectularius L.种群已被证明对拟除虫菊酯和新烟碱类杀虫剂产生抗药性，这两种杀虫剂已被广泛用于控制臭虫。迫切需要发现具有不同作用模式的新活性成分来控制床虱种群。氟虫腈是一种针对GABA受体的苯基吡唑，已被证明对臭虫非常有效。然而，由于氟虫腈与狄氏剂具有相同的靶点，我们调查了床虱对氟虫腈的耐药性潜力。8个北美种群和1个欧洲种群的抗药性比率从1.4倍到985倍不等，两大洲都有高度抗药性的种群。我们使用增效剂和增效剂的组合评估了细胞色素P450、酯酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S转移酶介导的代谢耐药机制。所有四种解毒酶类在床虱对氟虫腈的抗性中都发挥着重要但不同的作用。增效剂对P450酶和酯酶的抑制消除了高抗性床虱对氟虫腈的耐药性。通过对RDL基因的一段测序来检测A302S突变来评估靶点不敏感性，A302S突变已知在其他物种中对狄氏剂和氟虫腈产生抗药性。所有9个群体均为野生型(易感表型)纯合子。高抗性种群对溴氰菊酯也具有高度抗性，这表明负责拟除虫菊酯解毒的代谢酶也可能代谢氟虫腈。在开发或采用新的有效成分和实施综合虫害管理计划时，必须了解氟虫腈抗药性的来源。
Cimex lectularius L. populations have been documented worldwide to be resistant to pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, insecticides that have been widely used to control bed bugs. There is an urgent need to discover new active ingredients with different modes of action to control bed bug populations. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole that targets the GABA receptor, has been shown to be highly effective on bed bugs. However, because fipronil shares the same target site with dieldrin, we investigated the potential of fipronil resistance in bed bugs. Resistance ratios in eight North American populations and one European population ranged from 1.4- to >985-fold, with highly resistant populations on both continents. We evaluated metabolic resistance mechanisms mediated by cytochrome P450s, esterases, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferases using synergists and a combination of synergists. All four detoxification enzyme classes play significant but variable roles in bed bug resistance to fipronil. Suppression of P450s and esterases with synergists eliminated resistance to fipronil in highly resistant bed bugs. Target-site insensitivity was evaluated by sequencing a fragment of the Rdl gene to detect the A302S mutation, known to confer resistance to dieldrin and fipronil in other species. All nine populations were homozygous for the wild-type genotype (susceptible phenotype). Highly resistant populations were also highly resistant to deltamethrin, suggesting that metabolic enzymes that are responsible for pyrethroid detoxification might also metabolize fipronil. It is imperative to understand the origins of fipronil resistance in the development or adoption of new active ingredients and implementation of integrated pest management programs.