Echinococcus multilocularis as an experimental model in stem cell research and molecular host-parasite interaction
Echinococcus multilocularis as an experimental model in stem cell research and molecular host-parasite interaction
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182009991727
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Brehm, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brehm, K.
多能体细胞干细胞（新母细胞）是扁虫生物学中的关键角色，具有惊人的再生能力和发育可塑性。近年来，在阐明自由生活扁虫新母细胞的分子特征方面取得了相当大的进展，而它们在寄生物种中的作用迄今为止只是描述性的研究。然而，最近在体外培养多房棘球绦虫新细胞方面取得了重大进展。分离的细胞被证明能够在实验室条件下产生成熟的囊泡，其方式与自然感染过程中癌球-囊泡的转变非常相似。利用已建立的新母细胞培养方案，结合rna干扰对棘球蚴基因的靶向操作，现在可以解决寄主依赖性寄生虫发育的几个基本问题。本文综述了目前多房棘球蚴新母细胞的培养技术，并提出了研究其功能的实验方法。此外，我将介绍目前处于后期阶段的多房棘球绦虫基因组测序项目。来自多房棘球绦虫测序项目、干细胞培养和最近开始的棘球绦虫基因操作的数据的组合输入将为未来几年的假设驱动的研究提供一个理想的平台。
Totipotent somatic stem cells (neoblasts) are key players in the biology of flatworms and account for their amazing regenerative capability and developmental plasticity. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating molecular features of neoblasts from free-living flatworms, whereas their role in parasitic species has so far merely been addressed by descriptive studies. Very recently, however, significant advances have been made in the in vitro culture of neoblasts from the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. The isolated cells proved capable of generating mature metacestode vesicles under laboratory conditions in a manner that closely resembles the oncosphere-metacestode transition during natural infections. Using the established neoblast cultivation protocols, combined with targeted manipulation of Echinococcus genes by RNA-interference, several fundamental questions of host-dependent parasite development can now be addressed. Here, I give an overview of current cultivation techniques for E. multilocularis neoblasts and present experimental approaches to study their function. Furthermore, I introduce the E. multilocularis genome sequencing project that is presently in an advanced stage. The combined input of data from the E. multilocularis sequencing project, stem cell cultivation, and recently initiated attempts to genetically manipulate Echinococcus will provide an ideal platform for hypothesis-driven research into cestode development in the next years.